Week 2

Question 1

transcultural health care

Answer 1

-growing and highly relevant substantive area of study and practice

• allows for discovery of entirely different ways of knowing and helping people of DIVERSE cultures

Question 2

transcultural health care

Answer 2

• cultural care and practices of individuals/groups of similar or different cultures

-aims to provide CULTURE-specific and universal care practices for the health and wellbeing of people to help them face disability, illness, or death in culturally meaningful ways

Question 3

care

Answer 3

ESSENTIAL human need and the essence of nursing and TCN care

-assisting, supporting, or enabling experiences or behaviors for others with evidence for anticipated needs to improve a human condition or lifeway

Question 4

caring

Answer 4

ACTUAL ACTION

action, attitudes, practices, and activities directed toward assisting, supporting, or enabling another individual group with evident or anticipated needs to ease, heal, or improve a human conditions

Question 5

culture

Answer 5

learned, shared, and transmitted knowledge of values, beliefs, norms, and lifeways of a particular group that are generally transmitted intergenerationally and influence thinking, decisions, and actions in pattered ways

Question 6

subculture

Answer 6

subgroups who deviate in certain ways from a dominant culture in values, norms, moral codes, and ways of living with some distinctive features that characterize their unique lifeways (ex: Michigan vs MSU

Question 7

features of cultures

Answer 7

shares and learned values, ideals, and meanings that guide human thoughts, decisions, and actions

-manifest: readily recognized
implicit : covert and ideal rules of behavior and expectations

material items or symbols such as artifacts, objects, modes of dress, and actions that have special meaning

traditional ceremonial practices such as religious rituals, food feasts

local or emic views and knowledge (insiders)

all human cultures have some intercultural variations between and within culture (binds vs differ us)

Question 8

concepts are interrelated

Question 9

a picture may illustrate more than one concept

Question 10

stories shared may be seem on exam questions

Question 11

cultural practices

Answer 11

cultural customs and actions related to specific cultural beliefs

ex:
bowing vs shaking hand
food going into blue binds from garbage man
eating out of same bowl/plate

Question 12

cultural diversity

Answer 12

variations and differences among and between cultural groups resulting from differences in lifeways, language, values, norms, and expressions, and other cultural aspects
ex: multiple people in group (black, white asian)

Question 13

cultural universals

Answer 13

the COMMONALITIES among human beings or humanity that reveal the similarities or dominant features of humans
EX: love of parents

Question 14

cultural values

Answer 14

-powerful internal and external directive forces that give meaning and order to the thinking, decisions, and actions of an individual/group

-commonly held standards of what is acceptable or unacceptable, important/unimportant, right/wrong, in a community or society

-guide thinking, health care, and overall actions or decisions

EX: priority seating on a bus for mothers, injured, elderly, pregnant

Question 15

cultural values

Answer 15

-important holding knowledge to consider when assisting a client and in developing culturally congruent nursing decisions and actions

-usually neither readily identified nor revealed to strangers until a trusting relationship is developed

-tend to be stable as they are learned thoroughly over time and provide security to members of that culture

DONT CONVERT TO stereotype
holding knowledge- bank of info about culture

Question 16

multiculturalism ( many glasses; can see more than one way in life)

Answer 16

recognizing that there are many different cultures and subcultures in the world that need to be recognized, values, and understood for their differences and similarities (all different colors/races)

Question 17

uni/monoculturalism (only looking through one fixed lense)

AKA: ethnocentrisms

Answer 17

the belief that ones universe is largely constituted, centered upon, and functions from a one culture perspective that reflects excessive ethnocentrism

Question 18

cultural relativism (tend to judge from our POV)

Answer 18

the position that cultures are unique and must be evaluated, judged, and helped according to their own particular values and standards

ex: someone things deep friend crickets are delicious in their culture BUT in someone else culture he thinks it isn’t good so he passes

NO ONE is right OR wrong (unique)

Question 19

cultural blindness

Answer 19

-not understanding another culture mainly because of an inability to recognize or see one’s lifestyle, values, and modes of acting as those based largely on prejudices and ethnocentric and biased tendencies

-not being aware that cultural ethnocentrism, imposition and bias are are occurring

Question 20

culture shock (experience is different- NOT used to)

ex: story of how she saw someone mowing their backyard and called 911; having fried chicken feet at a market serving; having a weird toilet at a bathroom

Answer 20

• a state of disorientation or inability to respond appropriately to another person or situation because the lifeways are so strange and unfamiliar

-occurs when one enters a culture very different from his/her own and feels helpless and confused

Question 21

ethnocentrism (look through our own lens/our way is the only right way)

Answer 21

the belief that ones own cultural ways are the best, most superior, or preferred ways to act, believe or behave

ex: everything is covered but her eyes male dominant culture OR nothing is covered but her eyes male dominated culture

OR

her belief that her cuisine is the best is a classic example of it

Question 22

cultural imposition (own way of thinking put onto others)

Answer 22

an individual or group to impose their beliefs, values, and patterns of behavior on another culture for varied reasons

ex: slavery (master forced slaves to join their religion
OR Santa deciding who is nice or naughty

we want to AVOID this practice

Question 23

cultural pain (own beliefs weren’t respected)

Answer 23

suffering, discomfort, or being greatly offended by an individual or group who shows a great lack of sensitivity toward another cultural experience

ex: in hospital a female provider only (embarrassed by male)

Question 24

cultural bias

Answer 24

a firm position or stance that one’s own values and beliefs must govern the situation or decisions

the interpretation of situations or actions based on the standards of one’s own culture

closely related to ethnocentrism

ex: greetings- why is he bowing vs. why is she trying to shake my hand

Question 25

ethnicity

Answer 25

learned cultural and social identity of particular groups related to specific ancestral features (language, customs, mode of dress, and religion) not always associated with inherited physical characteristics (skin color/body shape) US govern recognized (Hispanic/Latino or not Hispanic/Latino)

Question 26

race

Answer 26

social classification of inherited biological physical, or genetic traits such as skin color, hair texture, and other physical features US govern recognized (American Indian/native Alaska or Asian or black/African American or native Hawaiian/pacific islander or white)

Question 27

racism

Answer 27

belief, conscious/unconscious, that people of different RACES DIFFER IN VALUE (superior over another) a belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce AN INHERENT SUPERIORITY of a particular race often denotes subordination and the oppressive use of authority over others such as minorities, refugees, women, and religious groups may lead to hostility or discrimination against people based on their perceived or ascribed 'race' AVOID IT!!!

Question 28

prejudice

Answer 28

PRECONCEIVED attitudes, ideas, beliefs, or opinions that limit a full and accurate understanding of an individual, culture, gender, event or situation EX: homophobia, islamophobia, and antisemitism (actions turn into discriminating) holding up a sign that says all i need to know about Islam, i learned on 9/11

Question 29

stereotyping

Answer 29

classifying or placing people into a narrow fixed view with rigid inflexible, boxlike characteristics generalization about the 'typical' characteristics of members of the group what are repercussions of good stereotypes? - adds pressure to the individual and puts them into a boxlike limit EX: Asians are smart (good assumption)

Question 30

discrimination

Answer 30

over or covert actions or ways aimed at limiting opportunities, choices, or life experiences of others based on feelings, racial biases, or prejudices ex: applied as a pharm tech and got told she will be hired if she changed the way she dressed OR not being promoted due to culture

Question 31

microaggression (video about mosquitoes bites)

Answer 31

-not always meant to be harmful negatively target a marginalized person/group convey disparaging messages to people because they belong-or are perceived to belong to a specific group can be intentional OR accidental may mean no harm toward the person or group being targeted

Question 32

cultural backlash

Answer 32

NEGATIVE feedback or unfavorable outcomes by host cultures toward visiting HCPs who have been working or consulting with host cultures for a period of time without providing care that fits the needs, beliefs, and practices of host cultures EX: Amish community backlash on unicultural care occurs when decisions/actions of HCP are enmeshed in ethnocentrism, bias, and cultural imposition practices or expressions can occur due to lack of TC health care or political reasons or conflicts that develop suddenly in the host country

Question 33

cultural over-identification

Answer 33

becoming to involved or compassionate with the people, situation, or a human condition of a certain culture. when HCP have deeply sympathetic, biased, and emotional feelings about a culture or situation they experience such as working with poverty stricken, homeless, abused, or battered individuals

Question 34

cultural safety (culture competences interchangeable)

Answer 34

ORIGINATED IN NEW ZEALAND IN 1980s by MAORI (midwife) in response to feeling unsafe within the educational setting redress health inequities by addressing the relationship and effect of power relations, racism, prejudice, social inequality, and discrimination in the health of minority groups unsafe cultural practices compromise any actions which diminish, demean, or disempower the cultural identity and wellbeing of an individual GOAL: ensure balance (equity) and prevent racism

Question 35

Culture-bound illness of syndrome

Answer 35

specific care, health, illness, and disease conditions that are particular, quite unique, and usually specific to a designated culture or geographical area EX: sickle cell (African American), Susto (Latin American/Hispanic), Koro (east/Southeast Asia), Amok (Malay), Anorexia nervosa (white teen females/western culture) DSM5 "cultural concepts of distress, folk illness, or culture specific disorder

Question 36

cultural encounter

Answer 36

ALTHOUGH we have experienced many cultures does NOT mean we are experts on culture -a situation in which a person from one culture meet or briefly interacts with a person from another culture NOT CULTURAL EXPERTS

Question 37

acculturation

Answer 37

the process by which an individual or group from a culture learns how to take on MANY (BUT NOT ALL) values, behaviors, norms, and lifeways of another culture Two cultures are involved (50% in culture) EX: lives with Amish and dresses but did not grow up OR Islam adapted the culture wear but plays in sports

Question 38

socialization

Answer 38

individual/group from a culture learns hos to function within the larger society (or country) taking on the new ways to know how to interact appropriately with other and how to survive in society becoming an accepted participant within the dominant and larger society EX: greeting with hand shake vs head bow vs touching noses vs hand on chest (male)

Question 39

enculturation (learn own culture)

Answer 39

one learns to take on or live by a particular culture with its specific values, beliefs, and practices unconscious repetition, and mostly occurs from birth Ex; most of the time born into (BUT NOT ALWAYS)

Question 40

assimilation

Answer 40

taking on the traits of the dominant culture to such a degree that the assimilating group becomes socially indistinguishable from other members of society may be compelled through force or undertaken voluntarily CAN BE FORCED (cute hair, long dress) OR CAN BE VOLUNATRY (tom cruz played the last samurai- given up own culture) Native Americans are stripped of their culture/religion by schools

Question 41

culture care

Answer 41

refers to the cognitively learned and transmitted professional and indigenous folk values, beliefs, and patterned lifeways that are used to assist, facilitate, or enable another individual or group to maintain another wellbeing or health or to improve a human condition or lifeway focus on discovering and learning about the meaning, patterns, and uses of care within cultures

Question 42

culture-specific care (change care based on patient and engage)

Answer 42

VERY specific or particular ways to have care fit client's needs care needs to be tailor-made and used in specific ways so the client can experience its benefits in meaningful and therapeutic ways EX: a patient doesn't eat pork so get them plant-based jelly

Question 43

generalized culture care (respectful care)

Answer 43

commonly shared professional care techniques, principles, and practices that are beneficial to several clients as a general and essential human care need values by many cultures or universal care need EX: respectful care

Question 44

culturally congruent care

Answer 44

assistive, supportive, facilitative or enabling decisions and actions that include care values, beliefs, and lifeways to provide meaningful, beneficial, and satisfying care for the health and wellbeing of people, or for those facing disabilities, illness, or death

Question 45

cultural care conflict

Answer 45

-occurs mainly with unknown cultures when non-helpful care practices fail to meet a client's cultural expectations, beliefs, values, and lifeways (lack of awareness) lack of awareness of knowledge may be involved EX: forcing a life-saving blood transfusion on a Jehovah witness

Question 46

culture care clashes

Answer 46

occurs mainly with OBVIOUS AND KNOWN situation that arise and cause overt and tense problems can be frequently observed in clinical and community setting between staff and clients from diverse cultures obvious disagreements in relation to differences in ways of life between diverse cultures

Question 47

cultural exports

Answer 47

sending of ideas, techniques, material goods, or symbolic referents to another culture in order to improve lifeways or to advance practices

Question 48

cultural imports

Answer 48

taking in or receiving ideas, techniques, material goods, or other items that are perceived as useful or helpful to ones culture

Question 49

cultural context

Answer 49

totality of shared meanings and life experiences in particular social, cultural, and physical environments that influence attitudes, thinking, and patterns of living giving meaning to understanding situations and clients and provides a powerful guide for professional decisions EX: informants/bathrooms watering can or used to clean private area bathrooms

Question 50

generic care

Answer 50

culturally learned and transmitted lay, indigenous (traditional), and largely emic (insider's) folk knowledge and skills used by cultures typically transmitted inter-generationally EX: cupping for muscle pain (leaves bruising) or soap bar in mouth for swearing (jumps to conclusion about child abuse)

Question 51

professional care

Answer 51

formally and cognitively learned etic (outsider's; health care) knowledge and practice skills that have been taught and used by faculty and clinicians to provide professional care ex: flu shots