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Anatomy Head and Neck > Week 2 Dry Room > Flashcards

Week 2 Dry Room Flashcards

(96 cards)

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1
Q

What would you see in an edentulous mandible due to bone resorption

A

Resorps downwards and outwards becoming wider and thinner

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2
Q

Whats the total number of Deciduous teeth

A

20

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3
Q

Whats the total number of Permanent teeth

A

32

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4
Q

What type of a joint is the Temporamandibular joint (TMJ)

A

Synovial Joints covered by fibrocartilage

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5
Q

What are the 2 articular processes that form the TMJ

A

Mandibular fossa and the temporal bone

Condylar process of the mandible

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6
Q

What movements of the mandible occur at the TMJ

A 
Elevation
Depression
Protrusion
Retrusion
Side to side movements
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7
Q

Name the muscles of mastication

A

Temporalis
Masseter (superficial)
Lateral Pterygoid (deep)
Medial Pterygoid (deep)

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8
Q

What are the bony attachments of the temporals muscle

A

Temporal fossa of skull

Coronoid process of the mandible

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9
Q

What action would it have on the mandible when the anterior fibres of the temporalis contract

A

Elevates mandible

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10
Q

What action would it have on the mandible when the posterior fibres of the temporalis contract

A

Retracts mandible

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11
Q

What are the bony attachments of the masseter

A

Inferior border and medial surface of maxillary process of zygomatic bone and the zygomatic arch
Outer surface of the ramps and coronoid process of the mandible

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12
Q

What is the action of the Masseter

A

Elevates mandible

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13
Q

Where does the lateral pterygoid muscle attach to

A

The lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate

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14
Q

Where does the medial pterygoid muscle attach to

A

The medial surface of the medial pterygoid plate

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15
Q

What plate do both the Pterygoid muscles attach to

A

Lateral Pterygoid plate

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16
Q

To what part of the mandible does the medial pterygoing muscle attach

A

Medial Surface of ramus

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17
Q

When the 2 lateral pterygoing muscles contract they cause what

A

Protracts mandible and depresses chin

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18
Q

When the lateral pterygoid muscle contracts with the medial pterygoid at the same time what happens

A

Swings jaw to contralateral side

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19
Q

When the 2 medial pterygoid muscles contract what happens

A

With the masseter muscle they elevate mandible nd contribute to protrusion

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20
Q

What muscle depresses the mandible

A

Suprahyoid muscles

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21
Q

Name the Suprahyoid muscles that depress the mandible

A

Digastric
Stylohyoid
Mylohyoid

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22
Q

Muscles that elevate the mandible

A

Masseter
Temporalis
Medial Pterygoind

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23
Q

Muscles that depress the mandible

A

Digastric
Stylohyoid
Mylohyoid

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24
Q

Muscles that protrude the mandible

A

Lateral and Medial Pterygoid

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25
Muscles that retract the mandible
Temporalis (horizontal fibres)
26
Muscle that produce side to side movements of the mandible
Lateral and Medial Pterygoid
27
What innervates the muscles of mastication
mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve
28
Define the vestibule of the oral cavity
The space between the lips/cheeks and the gums/teeth
29
What is the muscle innervated by the facial nerve that lies in the lateral walls of the oral cavity
Buccinator
30
What muscle of facial expressions contractions cause c;losing/pursing of the lips
Orbicularis oris
31
What is the posterior opening of the oral cavity called
Oropharyngeal pharynx
32
What 2 bones form the hard palate
Palatine process of the maxilla | Horizontal plates of the palantine bone
33
Name the muscles in the soft palate
``` Tensor veli palatine Levator veli palatine Palatoglossus Palatopharyngeus Musculus uvulae ```
34
What is the nerve supply to the muscles of the soft palate
Pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve (CN X)
35
What is the collective action of the muscles of the soft palate
During swallowing the soft palate is raised to prevent material moving into the nasal cavity
36
What lymphoid structure lies in between the palatoglossus and palatopharyngeus muscle
Palatine tonsil
37
What type of cellular tissue makes up the palatine tonsil
Lymphoid tissue
38
What are the functions of the tongue
Moving food during chewing Taste, Speech and Oral cleaning
39
What V shaped sulcus divides the tongue into an anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3
Foramen Caecum
40
What is the embryological sigificance of the foramen caecum
Non-functional remnant of the proximal part of the embryonic thyroglossal duct from which the thyroid gland developed
41
Name the papillae found on the anterior 1/3 of the dorsal surface of the tongue
Filiform-long numerous, thread like Foliate- small lateral folds Vallate- Large and flat topped Fungiform
42
Where are taste bud present
In all papillae except for filiform type
43
The dorsal surface of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue has surface elevations produced by submucosal lymphoid tissue collection called___
Lingual tonsil
44
Name the fold of mucous membrane that fixes the tongue to the floor of the mouth
Lingual frenulum
45
What nerve provides general sensory innervation (touch, pain, temperature) to the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue
Lingual nerve CNV3
46
What nerve provides taste sensation to the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue
Chordates tympani branch of CNVII nerve
47
What nerve provides general sensory innervation (touch, pain, temperature) to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue
Glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve
48
What nerve provides taste sensation to the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue
Lingual branch of Glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve
49
On a sagittal section of the tongue which specific area are the intrinsic muscle fibres mainly concentrated
Top 2cm of the tongue
50
Compared to the extrinsic fibres which change the position of the tongue, what do that intrinsic muscle fibres do
Alter shape of the tongue
51
Name features of the underside of the tongue
Frenulum Deep lingual vein Openings of submandibular duct
52
Name the extrinsic muscles of the tongue
Genioglossus Hyoglossus Styloglossus Palatoglossus
53
What is the attachment and action of the genioglossus
Inner surface of the mandible close to the midline | Protrudes tongue to opposite side
54
What is the attachment and action of the hyoglossus
Upper border of the body of mandible | Depresses tongue, helps shorten tongue
55
What is the attachment and action of the styloglossus
Styloid process Margin of tongue posteriorly Elevating posterior tongue Depressing soft palate
56
When the nerve innervating the right genioglossus is damaged, (resulting in muscle paralysis, which direction would you expect the patient's tongue to deviate if you ask them to protrude their tongue)
Right
57
Which muscle attaching to the tongue is not innervated by the hypoglossal nerve
Palatoglossus- innervated by pharyngeal plxus
58
Name the 3 large salivary glands
Parotid Submandibular Sublingual
59
What are the 2 parts of the submandibular gland
Superior and inferior
60
What muscle separates the 2 parts of the submandibular gland
Mylohyoid muscle
61
Where in relation to the food of the mouth do the 2 parts of the submandibular gland lie
Inferior
62
Name the artery that grooves the under surface of the submandibular salivary gland
Submnetal artery
63
Where does the submandibular duct open into
Sublingual papilla each side of the lingual frenulum
64
What cranial nerve innervates the parotid salivary gland
Glossopharyngeal nerve
65
What cranial nerve innervates the submandibular gland
Chorda tympani of facial nerve
66
What cranial nerve innervates the sublingual gland
Chorda tympani of facial nerve
67
With which structure is the larynx continuous with superiorly
Oropharynx
68
With which structure is the larynx continuous with inferiorly
Trachea
69
Which cartilage in the larynx is paired
Thyroid
70
Which cartilage in the larynx is a complete ring shape
Cricoid
71
Which membrane in the larynx lies inferior to the vocal cord
Median cricothyroid ligament
72
Name the structures of the laryngeal outlet
Aryepiglottic fold- laterally Arytenoid cartilage-posteriorly Upper margin of epiglottis- anteriorly Cuneiform and Corniculate Tubercle
73
What are the 3 parts the lumen of the larynx is divided into
The vestibule or upper part Middle part lies between the vestibular folds and the true vocal cords The lower part extends from the vocal cords to the lower border of the cricoid cartilage
74
What is the nerve supply of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx
Recurrent laryngeal nerve- branch of vagus
75
What is the nerve supply for the cricothyroid muscle
The superior laryngeal nerve- branch of vagus
76
What would happen if the recurrent laryngeal nerve was transected
Weakened voice (hoarseness) or loss of voice (aphonia) and cause problems in the respiratory tract
77
What is the sensory nerve supply to the mucous membrane of the larynx
Internal laryngeal nerve
78
How would the vocal cords appear in normal repsiration
Vocal cords abducted
79
How would the vocal cords appear during rapid breathing e.g. after exercise
Vocal cords fully abducted
80
How would the vocal cords appear during singing or speaking
Vocal cords adducted
81
The roof of the nasopharynx is formed by what
The sphenoid bone
82
In relation to the larynx, the laryngo-pharynx lies where
Posteriorly
83
During swallowing what prevents the bolus of food entering the nasopharynx
The soft palate
84
What prevents the bolus of doodahs entering the larynx during swallowing
The epiglottis
85
What are the 3 layers of the Pharynx
Outer muscular layer Middle fibrous layer Inner mucous membrane
86
The outer muscular layer consists of what
Outer circular layer and inner longitudinal layer
87
What are the 3 muscles that for the inner longitudinal later of the outer muscular layer
Stylopharyngeus- CN IX Salpingopharyngeus- CN X Palatopharyngeus- CN X
88
Which 2 cranial nerves form the pharyngeal plexus
CN X and CN IX
89
Which of nerve of the pharyngeal plexus is sensory
CN IX
90
Which nerve of the pharyngeal plexus is motor
CN X
91
What is the role of the constrictor muscles of the pharynx during swallowing
Constrict walls of pharynx during swallowing
92
What is the role of the longitudinal layer of muscles during swallowing
Shorten and widen pharynx
93
What is the role played by the tongue and palate muscles during swallowing
The tongue moves upward and backward against the palate
94
What is the pharyngeal lymphoid ring
A collection of typhoid tissue that protects the entrance to the oropharynx
95
What is the purpose of having the pharyngeal lymphoid ring
Acts as a first line defence against micorbes
96
Name the 3 lymphoid collections
Palatine tonsil Pharyngeal tonsil Lingual tonsil

Anatomy Head and Neck (6 decks)

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