Week 3 Dry Room

Question 1

Which bone forms posterior boundary of the anterior cranial fossa

Answer 1

Body

Lesser and Greater wings of Sphenoid bone

Question 2

Name features of the anterior cranial fossa

Answer 2

Cribiform plate of ethmoid bone

Crista galli in the modline

Question 3

Which bone forms the anterior boundary of the middle cranial fossa

Answer 3

Tubercle Sellae

Question 4

Which bones form the floor of the middle cranial fossa

Answer 4

Greater wings of sphenoid bone and temporal bone (squamous and petrous parts)

Question 5

Which four bones come together at the pterion

Answer 5

Parietal
Temporal
Frontal
Sphenoid

Question 6

Which bone forms the anterior and which the posterior border of the posterior cranial fossa

Answer 6

Anterior- Dorsum Sellae

Posterior- Internal occipital protuberance

Question 7

What structures pass through the small foramina of the skull

Answer 7

Emissary vein

Question 8

Structures that pass through the cribriform plate

Answer 8

CN I- Olfactory nerve

Question 9

What structure passes through the optic foramen

Answer 9

CN II- Optic nerve

Ophthalmic artery

Question 10

What structure passes through the Superior orbital fissure

Answer 10

CN III, VI, IV, V1 and sympathetic fibres

Question 11

What structures pass through Foramen Rotundum

Answer 11

CN V2 Maxillary branch

Question 12

What structure passes through Foramen Ovale

Answer 12

CN V3- Mandibular branch and accessory meningeal artery

Question 13

What structures pass through the Foramen Spinosum

Answer 13

Middle meningeal artery, vein and Meningeal branch of the CN V3

Question 14

What structures pass through the Foramen Lacerum

Answer 14

ICA, sympathetic and venous plexus

Question 15

What Structures pass through the Carotid canal

Answer 15

ICA and Carotid plexus

Question 16

What structures pass through the internal acoustic foramen

Answer 16

CN VII and CN VIII

Labyrinthe arteries

Question 17

What structures pass through the jugular foramen

Answer 17

CN X, IX, XI

Vagus, Glossopharyngeal and Accessory

Question 18

What structures pass through hypoglossal foramen

Answer 18

CN XII- Hypoglossal nerve

Question 19

What structure passes through the Forman magnum

Answer 19

Medulla and Meninges
Ventral arteries
Dural veins
Anterior and posterior spinal arteries

Question 20

What groove begins just lateral to the foramen spinosum

Answer 20

Cavernous sinus

Question 21

What artery and its branches make the groove for the cavernous sinus

Answer 21

Meningeal artery

Question 22

What are the grooves for the intracranial venous sinus called

Answer 22

Transverse sinus

Question 23

Into which foramen does the groove for the sigmoid sinus lead

Answer 23

Jugular foramen

Question 24

Which major vein emerges into the neck from the jugular foramen

Answer 24

Internal jugular vein

Question 25

In the body of which cranial bone is the sella turcica found

Answer 25

Middle fossa- sphenoid bone

Question 26

Which foramen lies immediately anterior to the groove for the cavernous sinus

Answer 26

Superior Orbital Fissure

Question 27

Name the features on the base of the skull

Answer 27

``` medial pterygoid plate Lateral pterygoid plate Pterygoing Hamulus Palatine process Horizontal plate of palatine Posterior nasal spine Temporal bone Occipital bone ```

Question 28

Which bone is the pterygoid plates and the pterygoin hamulus part of

Answer 28

Sphenoid bone

Question 29

What muscle attaches to the lateral and medial pterygoing plates

Answer 29

Medial pterygoid muscle | Lateral pterygoid muscle

Question 30

What are the advantages for a neonate of having a comparatively flexible skull during childbirth

Answer 30

Ease of passage through birth canal

Question 31

What are the advantages for a neonate of having a comparatively flexible skull during infancy

Answer 31

Allows brain to grow

Question 32

What are the advantages for a neonate of having a comparatively flexible skull during an event of accidents and falls

Answer 32

Sutures are flexible and protects brain from minor impacts

Question 33

What type of ossification do flat bones of the vault of the skull undergo

Answer 33

Intramembranous ossification

Question 34

What type of ossification do irregular bones of base the skull undergo

Answer 34

Endochondral ossification

Question 35

Describe the differences seen in Fontanelles, Dentition, Tympanic membrane, Styloid and mastoid process of temporal bone

Answer 35

Fontelles- unfused in foetal skulls Dentition- less teeth Tympanic membrane- in adult more deeper Styloid and mastoid process of temporal bone- not fully developed due to mechanical forces of styloimastoid muscle

Question 36

At what age do the anterior Fontanelles fuse

Answer 36

1.5 years

Question 37

At what age do the posterior Fontanelles fuse

Answer 37

2-3 months

Question 38

What type of epithelium lines the dorsal surface of the tongue

Answer 38

Non-keratinising stratified squamous epithelium

Question 39

What type of muscle fibres underlies the epithelium of the tongue

Answer 39

Striated muscle (skeletal)

Question 40

What is the function of the my-epithelial cell

Answer 40

Around the acini contract to help with secretions

Question 41

What type of acini is predominant in the parotid gland

Answer 41

Serous- secrete proteins in an isotonic watery fluid

Question 42

What type of acini is predominant in the submandibular gland

Answer 42

Mixed- serous and mucous

Question 43

What type of acini is predominant sublingual;

Answer 43

Mucous | Mucin- lubricant