Week 2 Infection Control

Question 1

Infection

Answer 1

Growth of microorganism in body tissue where it does not originate

Question 2

Infectious agent

Answer 2

Microorganism found in tissue where it does not originate

Question 3

Disease

Answer 3

Detectable alteration in normal tissue function

Question 4

Virulence

Answer 4

Ability to produce disease, diseases severity, and ability to spread

Question 5

Pathogenicity

Answer 5

Ability to produce disease

Question 6

Sepsis

Answer 6

Acute organ dysfunction after infection

Question 7

4 major category of microorganisms that cause infections in humans

Answer 7

Bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites

Question 8

Bacteria

Answer 8

The most common. Can live and be transported through water, air, food, body tissue, fluids, and objects

Question 9

Viruses

Answer 9

Common virus families:

Rhinoviruses(cold), hepatitis, herpes, and autoimmune viruses

Question 10

Fungi

Answer 10

Yeast and mold.

Candida albicans is yeast that is normal flora in human vagina

Question 11

Parasites

Answer 11

Live on on other living organisms

They include: protazoa(like the one that causes malaria, helminths(worm), and anthropods(mites, fleas, ticks)

Question 12

Types of infections

Answer 12

Local
Systemic
Bacteremia

Question 13

Local infection

Answer 13

Only specific part of the body

Question 14

Systemic infection

Answer 14

When pathogen spreads to other parts of the body

Question 15

Bacteremia

Answer 15

When blood culture shows microorganisms

Question 16

Infection control in nursing

Answer 16

Septicemia-when bacteremia results in systemic infection

Question 17

Acute infection

Answer 17

Appear suddenly or last a short time

Question 18

Chronic infection

Answer 18

Occurs slowly over long period of time

Question 19

Hospital acquired infection

Answer 19

UTI-most common organism in urinary tract is escherichia coli (bad cathater technique) enterococcus(contamination of closed drainage system) and pseudomonas aeruginosa (poor hand hygiene)

Surgical sites-most common microO staphylococus aureus which includes MRSS(poor hand hyg.), enterococcus species including vancomycin resistant strains(improper dressing technique and pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Blood stream-most common microO include coagulase negative staphylococus aureus (inadequate hand hygiene) and emterococcus species (inadequate IV care)

Pneumonia-most common microO staphylococus aureus(poor hand hygiene), psuedomonas aeruginosa and enterobacyer species

Question 20

Chain of infection

Answer 20

Infectious agent

Reservoir

Portal of exit from reservoir

Method of transmission

Portal of entry

susceptible host

Question 21

Etiological/infectious agent

Answer 21

Pathogen

Question 22

Reservoir

Answer 22

Sources of microorganisms; humans, own microorganisms, plants, animals etc.

Carrier-reservoir who shows no symptoms

Question 23

Portal of exit from reservoir

Answer 23

Before a infection can get into a host it must leave the reservoir.

Human and animal reservoir most common exit is body fluids.

Question 24

Method of transmission

Answer 24

Direct transmission-human to human. kissing, sex, etc.

Indirect transmission-anything other than human. can be vehicle borne (any substance that introduces pathogen to host; inanimate object) or vector borne(animal, insect, etc. that transport disease.

Airborne

Question 25

Portal of entry

Answer 25

Often enter through same source they left host

Question 26

Susceptible host

Answer 26

Anyone at risk for infection. Compromised host is at increased risk.

Question 27

Defense against infection

Answer 27

Specific and nonspecific

Question 28

Nonspecific

Answer 28

Protects against all microorganism regardless of prior exposure. Include physical and anatomical barriers and inflammation.

Question 29

Anatomical and physical barriers

Answer 29

Skin and mucous is first line of defense Lungs have alveloar macrophages(phagocytes) Mouth gets rid if mucous epithelium to get rid of colinizers Saliva has inhibitors Eye uses tears Stomach acud Resident flora of large intestine prevent pathogen growth Peristalsis moves microbes out of body

Question 30

Anatom and phys continued.

Answer 30

Girls in puberty and beyond has low ph in vagina to prevent microbe growth Urine prevents bacteria from entering urethra

Question 31

Inflammatory response

Answer 31

Local and nonspecific defense response of tissue to injury or infection. It destroys or dilutes. Prevents soread of injury and repairs tissue. Stage 1-vascular and cell response Stage 2-exudation with fluids and dead cells Stage 3-reparative stage-repair of tissue

Question 32

Specific defense

Answer 32

Immune response-antibody mediated defense and cellular mediated defense

Question 33

Antibody mediated defense(circulating immunity)

Answer 33

Defense are located in B lynphocytes and mediated by antibodies produced by B cells Active immunity-when the body makes its own antibodies and long lasting Passive immunity-gets external antiboies and short term

Question 34

Cell mediated defense

Answer 34

Occurs through T cell system Helper T cells-help in the function of the immune system Cytotoxic T cells-kills pathogens and sometimes bodies own cells Suppressor T cells suppress previous celks

Question 35

Specific immmunity

Answer 35

Immunity to certain pathogens based on antibodies

Question 36

Types if bath

Answer 36

Assist, complete, partial

Question 37

Assist

Answer 37

Wash areas hard to reach

Question 38

Partial

Answer 38

Wash only areas absolutely necessary including perineum

Question 39

Who has special consideration for bath

Answer 39

Those with dementia or obesity

Question 40

Oral care

Answer 40

Improves appetite Reduces pneumonia incidents

Question 41

Who completes patient ADLs

Answer 41

CNA

Question 42

Can RN cut nails

Answer 42

No because of neuropathy or PVD in diabetics

Question 43

What types of disease make it less likely to feel pain

Answer 43

Neurological or circulatory

Question 44

Foot care

Answer 44

Check for breaking of skin, cracks, and id heels are hard

Question 45

How should unconscious patients be positioned while receiving oral care

Answer 45

On their side

Question 46

CAUTI

Answer 46

Cather acquired urinary tract infection

Question 47

Digoxin

Answer 47

Must take vital signs before administering Must assess pulse If pulse lower than 60, can not give Digoxin