week 2 neuroendrinology

Question 1

what is the thyroid hormone

Answer 1

catecholamines

Question 2

what are the 2 peptides proteins

Answer 2

ACTN- adrenocorticotrophic and ADH

Question 3

what are the 2 steroids

Answer 3

glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids

Question 4

what is blood hormone concentration determined by

Answer 4

the plasma and active receptors numbers

Question 5

what effects plasma concentration

Answer 5

rate of secretion
rate of metabolism
quantity of transport proteins
changes in plasma volume

Question 6

what influences secretion of hormones

Answer 6

endocrine glands affected by inputs that impact outputs by supporting or interfering

Question 7

hormones only affect what

Answer 7

tissues that contain specific hormone receptors

Question 8

what are the 2 steroids

Answer 8

glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids

Question 9

what factor influence secretion of hormones

Answer 9

endocrine glands support inputs or outputs

Question 10

hormones only effect what tissue

Answer 10

with correct hormone receptors

Question 11

what is downregulation

Answer 11

a decrease in receptor numbers in response to high concentrations oh hormones beta receptors

Question 12

what is up regulation

Answer 12

an increase in receptor number due to low concentration hormone

Question 13

what is the mechanism of action of steroid hormone

Answer 13

Steroids pass through cell membranes to target a cell and bind to a receptor.
effects gene expression and causing changes in biological processes

Question 14

what 6 hormones pituitary gland secretes

Answer 14

ACTH
FSH
MSH
TSH
GH
LH

Question 15

what does the posterior pituitary gland secrete

Answer 15

oxytocin and ADH

Question 16

what does ADH do

Answer 16

stops water loss by maintaining plasma volume

Question 17

where is fluid reabsorbed due to ADH

Answer 17

kidneys tubules

Question 18

what is ADH stimulated by

Answer 18

1 high plasma osmolality and low plasma volume and sweating long periods with no water

Question 19

what is the threshold of ADH to occur during exercise

Answer 19

60% vo2 to maintain plasma

Question 20

what is slow acting hormones

Answer 20

act in permissive manner to allow other hormones to exert full effect

Question 21

thyroid hormones are what type of hormone

Answer 21

slow

Question 22

what does thyroid hormones do

Answer 22

influence number of receptors on surface of a call for other hormone to react with

Question 23

triiodothyronine - t3 - enhances what

Answer 23

effect of epinephrine to move fatty acids from adipose tissue

Question 24

glood glucose homeostasis during exercise is controlled by what

Answer 24

slow or fast hormones

Question 25

what is growth hormone

Answer 25

helps growth

Question 26

what is essential for growth of all tissue

Answer 26

amino acids and protein synthesis

Question 27

where does growth hormone come from

Answer 27

anterior pituitary gland and hypothalamus

Question 28

lack of t3 epe would be what

Answer 28

diminished

Question 29

low thyroid would be linked to what

Answer 29

metabolic rate

Question 30

growth hormone is controlled by what feedback

Answer 30

negative

Question 31

exercise impacts hypothalamus which is a strongest what

Answer 31

stimulus

Question 32

growth hormone does what to plasma glucose

Answer 32

spares it and increases gluconeogenesis blocking glucose and mobilising fats

Question 33

growth hormone is used to what

Answer 33

treat childhood dwarfism and help elderly

Question 34

GH helps what

Answer 34

protein synthesis and long bones growth

Question 35

There is no evidence that gh helps strength gain

Answer 35

true

Question 36

what are side effects of gh

Answer 36

muscle aches, edema, water retention

Question 37

how does gh change in exercise

Answer 37

blocks glucose entry to tissue and increases glucogenesis

Question 38

in exercise plasma increase in gh in intensity t or f

Answer 38

t

Question 39

over 60% vo2 causes increase in gh by 5/6 t or f

Answer 39

true

Question 40

what is cortisol

Answer 40

a steroid hormone linked to stress

Question 41

where does cortisol come from

Answer 41

adrenal cortex

Question 42

is cortisol negative or positive feedback

Answer 42

negative

Question 43

corticotropic releasing hormone thats released and acting on pituitary gland for cortisol t or f

Answer 43

t

Question 44

what is the 3 steps of brainparts for cortisol

Answer 44

hypothalamus , anterior pituitary , adrenal cortex , cortisol

Question 45

what is cortisol stimulated by

Answer 45

adrenocorticotrophic hormone - ACTH - stress and exercise

Question 46

cortisol levels drop throughout the day f or t

Answer 46

true

Question 47

exercise spikes cortisol t or f

Answer 47

true

Question 48

cortisol is proportional to exercise

Answer 48

true

Question 49

Catecholamines are secreted from where

Answer 49

adrenal medulla

Question 50

what 2 hormones are secreted from adrenal medulla

Answer 50

epe and noepe

Question 51

what type of hormones are epe and noepe

Answer 51

fast

Question 52

the adrenal medulla is in which part of the adrenal gland

Answer 52

inner

Question 53

what is epe and noepe

Answer 53

fight or flight hormone

Question 54

what system is epe part of

Answer 54

sympathetic

Question 55

epe makes up what percent

Answer 55

80

Question 56

how does the body use glucose when using epe

Answer 56

to runaway or fight

Question 57

what is the effect of epe and non epe

Answer 57

binding alpha and beta receptors onto tissues

Question 58

effects of epe and non epe on cells

Answer 58

increase in - glycolysis lipolysis vasodilation

Question 59

plasma epe and noepe increase during exercise

Answer 59

t

Question 60

trained vs untrained have better capacity to increase catecholamines

Answer 60

true

Question 61

glycogen will decrease more rapidly due to higher intensity

Answer 61

true

Question 62

what is the role in plasma epe in glycogenolysis

Answer 62

acts through beta receptors and increase plasma epe

Question 63

why does epe not effect glycogen levels

Answer 63

Occurs through intercellular sarcoplasmic reticulum which monitors glycogen

Question 64

What does the pancreas secrete and where

Answer 64

insulin - beta cells - promoting glucose in fat sand muscle exo and endocrine digestive into small intestines and blood

Question 65

what does inuslin do

Answer 65

promotes storage of glucose and amino and fatty acids beta cells

Question 66

what does glucagon do

Answer 66

promotes molibisation of fatty acids and glucose and stimulates glycogenesis

Question 67

when you eat does insulin increase or decrease

Answer 67

increased

Question 68

when eaten a meal - does glucagon decrease or increase

Answer 68

decrease

Question 69

after you eaten - does storage of glycogen increase or decrease

Answer 69

increase

Question 70

after eating - do plasma, glycogen, aa and fa increase or decrease

Answer 70

decrease

Question 71

insulin is a driver of uptake and storage

Answer 71

true

Question 72

during fasting and exercise does hydrolisis increase

Answer 72

yes

Question 73

insulin decreases during exercise and fasting

Answer 73

true

Question 74

high levels of lactic acid

Answer 74

increases a s free fatty acids decrease due to hormone sensitive lipase

Question 75

blood lactate onset is delayed in trained allowing them to use fatty acids for energy and spare cho

Answer 75

true

Question 76

plasma increases as vo2 max increases with adh

Answer 76

true

Question 77

Aldosterone is secreted from where

Answer 77

adrenal cortex - kidney

Question 78

aldosterone controls what

Answer 78

sodium and potassium and reabsorption and blood volume / bp

Question 79

the release of aldosterone is triggered by what

Answer 79

increased plasma postassium and decreased plasma volume

Question 80

what type of feedback is aldosterone

Answer 80

negative