Week 2 - Protein Synthesis

Question 1

What elements to proteins contain?

Answer 1

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

Sometimes sulphur & phosphate

Question 2

Amino acids

Answer 2

Base unit of proteins
20 different kinds, can combine t make many proteins
Plants - synthesise their own
Animals - must obtain through their diet (essential amino acids)

Question 3

Protein uses

Answer 3

Many different kinds, functions vary
Rbc, enzymes, hormones all proteins
Some have structural roles, others only functional
Can be broken down to supply energy if low in carbohydrates

Question 4

Protein Structure

Answer 4

Complex linear arrangements of amino acids
Joined by peptide bond
Some may consist of several chemically combined polypeptide chains - tertiary structure

Question 5

DNA

Answer 5

Heredity material of all organisms
Found in chromosomes
Stores genetic info of an organism
Occurs in cytosol of prokaryotes
Occurs in mitochondria/chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells

Question 6

DNA Function

Answer 6

Replication - able to make exact copies of itself

Protein synthesis - manufacture proteins for use in the body

Question 7

DNA Structure

Answer 7

Double stranded helix

Double strand made from connected units - nucleotides

Question 8

Nucleotide Structure

Answer 8

5-carbon sugar (ribose-RNA, deoxyribose-DNA)
Negatively charged phosphate group
Nitrogenous base
Phosphate group always attached to 5th carbon (5’)
3rd carbon (3’) connects to phosphate group of next nucleotide
5’ to 3’ direction

Question 9

Nitrogenous Bases

Answer 9

Thymine (T) pairs with Adenine (A)
Guanine (G) pairs with Cytosine (C)
Linked by weak hydrogen bond

Question 10

Genetic Code

Answer 10

Provides sequence of nucleotides on mRNA that determine a specific amino acid sequence for making proteins
Stop Condon terminate chain when correct length is reached
All 20 amino acids are coded for by particular codon/s
Codons will compliment anticodons of tRNA