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Fundamentals of Cardiorespiratory system > Week 2 - Structure and function of blood vessels > Flashcards

Week 2 - Structure and function of blood vessels Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

types of vessels

A

Arteries
Veins

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2
Q

Artery

A

carries O2 away from heart

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3
Q

Veins

A

Returns blood to heart

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4
Q

two distinct circuits

A

Systemic
Pulmonary

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5
Q

Systemic

A

Moves blood from right side of heart to lungs

Oxygenates blood

brings blood back to the heart

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6
Q

Pulmonary

A

Moves blood from left side of heart to head and body

returns deoxygenated blood to right side

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7
Q

Arterioles

A

Thicker walls
smaller lumens

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8
Q

Lumens

A

hollow passageway
blood flows through

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9
Q

vasa vasorum

A

small vessels within walls of large arteries and veins
provides nutrients to vessel walls

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10
Q

Layers of a blood vessel (Arteriole)

A

Tunica Intima
Tunica media
Tunica externa

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11
Q

Tunica Intima

A

Inner layer
Releases chemicals that can open and constrict arteries

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12
Q

Endothelium

A

damage to this layer can cause clots

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13
Q

Tunica media

A

Middle layer
smooth muscle
allows for vasodilation and vasoconstriction

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14
Q

Vasodilation

A

widening of blood vessels
result of relaxation of blood vessel’s muscular walls

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15
Q

Vasoconstriction

A

narrowing of blood vessels
small muscles in their walls

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16
Q

Tunica externa

A

adventitia
outer layer
connective and elastic tissue

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17
Q

connective tissue

A

transports nutrients and wastes
defends against pathogens
stores fat
repairs damaged tissue
supports organs and cells

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18
Q

elastic tissue

A

composed mainly of elastic fibers
provides elasticity and resilience of tissue

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19
Q

How capillary beds work

A

blood moves from arterial system into capillaries
diffusion of blood, gases & nutrients occur here
can widen and narrow arterioles so blood flow is regulated

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20
Q

Blood reservoir

A

Veins act as reservoirs
contains 64% of blood volume
high capacitance

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21
Q

High capacitance

A

ability to distend

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22
Q

When rediverting blood is needed

A

sympathetic stimulation causes venous walls to squeeze blood back to the heart

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23
Q

Systemic blood pressure

A

Systolic
Diastolic
Pulse pressure
Mean arterial pressure

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24
Q

Systolic

25
Diastolic
bottom number
26
Pulse pressure
difference between systolic & diastolic
27
Mean Arterial Pressure
MAP average pressure in arteries
28
Factors affecting blood flow and blood pressure
cardiac output compliance volume of blood viscosity of blood blood vessel length and diameter
29
How does the blood get back to the heart
Skeletal muscle pump respiratory pump
30
Skeletal Muscle pump
Contraction of skeletal muscles surrounding a vein High-Low pressure relationship One-way valves
31
Respiratory Pump
aids blood to move through veins of thorax and abdomen Diaphragm drops, intercostals contract Intercostals
32
Capillary exchange
Hydrostatic Osmotic
33
Hydrostatic
Pressure at the start The push (filtration
34
Osmotic
Pressure at end The pull (reabsorption)
35
Regulation of the vascular system
Maintaining homeostasis Neural regulation of P & Q
36
Maintaining homeostasis
Cardiovascular system Greater the energy needed by tissues, the greater demand for blood flow body makes a priority list
37
Neural Regulation of P & Q
Cardiovascular centers in brain baroreceptor reflexes Chemoreceptor reflexes
38
Cardiovascular centers in brain
Located in medulla Vasomotor centers
39
Medulla
Responds to changes in oxygen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen
40
Vasomotor centers
Control tone of smooth muscles in vessels
41
Chemoreceptor reflexes
Found in aortic and carotid sinuses Responds to levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen (pH) Low oxygen, high carbon dioxide and hydrogen
41
Baroreceptorss
Stretch receptors in blood vessels and heart More blood = More stretch and more signaling
41
41
41
Autoregulation of Perfusion: Chemical Signals
Self-regulatory mechanisms Opening of precapillary sphincter closing of precapillary sphincter
41
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
Increases HR, Force of contraction, reduced blood flow to non-essential organs
41
Endocrine Regulation
Epinephrine and norepinephrine Autoregulation of perfusion: Chemical signals Autoregulation of perfusion: Myogenic response
41
Erythropeoietin
EPO Increases RBC production and vasoconstricts
41
Antidiuretic Hormone
ADH Increases water reabsorption in the kidneys Increase blood volume and BP
41
Self-regulatory mechanisms
Can adjust blood flow
41
Atrial Natriuretic Hormone
ANH Released when there is too much blood volume (reduces BP
41
Opening of precapillary sphincter
Increased perfusion Cell metabolism byproducts
42
Closing precapillary sphincter
Decreased perfusion Chemicals from vessel walls Platelets Prostaglandins
43
Cell metabolism byproducts
Increase in CO2 decrease in O2
44
Prostaglandins
Group of lipids with hormone-like actions that your body makes primarily at sites of tissue damage or infection
45
Prostaglandins control processes
inflammation blood flow formation of blood clots induction of labour
46
Autoregulation of perfusion: Myogenic resposnse
Stretching of smooth muscle in arteriole wall
47
Low stretch of smooth muscle in arteriole wall
Vessel dilates and increases BF
48
High stretch of smooth muscle in arteriole wall
vessel constricts and reduces BF

Fundamentals of Cardiorespiratory system (4 decks)

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