Week 2.1 Flashcards
(44 cards)
What 2 things make up the bony thorax?
Sternum, ribs
What makes up the axial skeleton?
Vertebral column
What makes up the appendicular skeleton?
Pectoral and pelvic girdle
List the 5 divisions of the axial skeleton, how many vertebra and the shape
Cervical (7) -concave Thoracic (12) -convex Lumbar (5) -concave sacral (5 fused) -convex Coccygeal (3-4 fused) -convex
What is the posterior and anterior aspect of each vertebrae?
Spinous process = posterior
Body/corpus-anterior
What does the vertebral foreman house?
Spinal cord
List the 7 features of the cervical and thoracic vertebrae
Body
Vertebral foreman
Transverse process
(C = Transverse foramina, T = superior, inferior, transverse costal facets)
Spinous process
Superior and inferior articular facets
Intervertebral foramina (entrance/exit for spinal nerves at the thoracic level - just pass through cervical)
What is unique about the transverse processes in the cervical vertebrae?
They contain transverse foramina for vertebral arteries to pass
Which vertebrae has the largest vertebral foramen?
Cervical… triangular shape. C1 is the largest
Why are the superior and inferior facets called the lock and key?
Because they are contactable surfaces for adjacent vertebrae
____ C3 fits with ____ C4. This becomes ___ for spinal nerves to pass through
Inferior; superior
Becomes the intervertebral foramina for the spinal nerves to pass through
C1 is to ___ as C2 is to ___
Atlas; axis
What is unique about the C1?
It has no body (corpus) and no spinous process
Purpose of the superior articular facets of the C1
- Support occipital condyles of skull
- Flexion and extension of the head (yes movement)
What does the large vertebral foramen of the C1 accomodate?
Dens/odontoid process of axis
What are the body and spinous process of the C1 reduced to?
Anterior tubercle (locks with C2) and posterior tubercle
How does the dens of the C2 project from the body? (directionally) and what movement does it permit?
Superiorly; ‘no’ movement
NOTE: odontoid means “toothlike” - toothlike projection goes UP (hence superiorly)
Superior articular facet of the C2 accommodate ___
C1
What is different about the transverse processes of the thoracic vertebrae?
-Contain superior, inferior, and transverse costal facets
HENCE no transverse foramina for arteries like in cervical
What is the purpose of the superior, inferior, and transverse processes on thoracic vertebrae?
Posterior points of attachment for the ribs
The lumbar vertebrae is the attachment site for ___ and other muscle of the ___ and ___
Diaphragm, other muscles of the abdomen and back
Which are the largest and strongest of the vertebra?
Lumbar - carrying the weight…
-Hence kidney-shaped body
Which 2 components make up the pectoral girdle of the appendicular skeleton?
Scapula and clavicle
The ___ is the only skeletal/axial point of attachment
Sternum
