Week 2b: Eukaryotic Cells and their Organelles Flashcards
(26 cards)
The nucleus contains a ____ called the nuclear envelope, which contains _____.
contains a DOUBLE MEMBRANE BOUNDARY, called the nuclear envelope, which contains NUCLEAR PORES.
The nucleus contains ___ which are only visible during cell division.
contains CHROMOSOMES (DNA and proteins) which are only visible during cell division.
When the cell is not involved in cell division, how is the DNA present?
DNA exists as chromatin; long thin strands with no distinct shape.
What is a nucleolus?
Present in the nucleus, composed of DNA and protein, the site of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis.
What is the function of the nucleus?
Controls cell activities and to pass on hereditary information to the next generation.
The mitochondria consists of:
A smooth outer membrane and an extensively folded inner membrane
What takes place within the mitochondria?
The latter stages of aerobic respiration, produce large amounts of energy via breakdown of molecules
The membrane of the mitochondria is ______ that are necessary for respiration to occur.
Studded with enzymes
The chloroplast is the site of ______.
Photosynthesis.
The chloroplast contains:
- A double membrane bond
- (internally) flattened sacks called thylakoids arranged in stacks called granum
The fluid surrounding the granum is called ______.
Stroma
Thylakoids store the pigment ___ which?
Chlorophyll, which captures light energy for photosynthesis.
The first stage of photosynthesis occurs in the _____, while the final stage occurs in the _____.
grana, final stage occurs in the stroma.
Photosynthesis equation:
Carbon Dioxide and Water in the presence of light ===== Glucose and Oxygen
What is the vacuole?
A membrane bound fluid-filled space, which is large in plants and small in animal cells.
The fluid in the vacuole contains which solutes?
Salts, simple sugars, amino acids
What are the functions of the vacuole?
Storage, maintaining osmotic balance (water and salt), cell shape (turgity)
What is the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
a system of internal folded membranes that are continuous with the outer membrane of the nucleus.
What is the ROUGH ER and it’s function?
- Ribosomes attached
- Main function is modification and transport of proteins throughout the cell
What is the SMOOTH ER and it’s function?
- No ribosomes attaches
- Main function is lipid synthesis and carbohydrate metabolism
What is the golgi body and what does it contain?
- The golgi body packages and secretes proteins and carbohydrates via exocytosis.
- Contains series of flattened sacs made of smooth membrane and small cesicles
What are vesicles?
Found in eukaryotic cells, vesicles are made of spherical sacs of membrane and are used to transport materials made by the cell (ie: lipids and proteins). They are involved in secreting materials outside of the cell.
What are lysosomes?
What is its function?
made of special vesicle with a low internal pH and hydrolytic (digestive) enzymes inside of it.
Its function is to breakdown molecules in cells.
What is the ribosome?
Found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, it is made of complex rRNA and proteins.
Contains two subunits which come together by binding to an mRNA molecule during translation.
