Week 4b: Passive + Active Movement Flashcards

(33 cards)

1
Q

What is diffusion?

A

Molecules move from regions of high concentrations to low concentration.

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2
Q

Diffusion is passive, meaning:

A

It does not require energy.

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3
Q

The greater the difference in concentration,

A

the steeper the gradient.

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4
Q

The steeper the gradient,

A

the more rapidly diffusion will occur.

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5
Q

Diffusion occurs: down or against the gradient?

A

Down the gradient - from a high concentration to a low concentration.

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6
Q

WHhy can only SMALL NON POLAR MOLECULES diffuse across the membrane?

A

The membrane is made of HYDROPHOBIC lipids.

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7
Q

What is osmosis?

A

The diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane, from a low to high concentration.

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8
Q

The effect of osmosis can be: (3)

A
  • Hypertonic
  • Isotonic
  • Hypotonic
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9
Q

Hypertonic

A

A higher solute concentration than the cell

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10
Q

Isotonic

A

Same solute concentration as the cell

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11
Q

Hypotonic

A

A lower solute concentration than the cell

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12
Q

Osmotic pressure

A

Pressure causing water to move in it’s direction

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13
Q

Osmosis has a more significant effect on animal cells compared to plant cells. Why?

A

Animal cells lack a cell wall.

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14
Q

If an animal cell loses water:

A

It will become flaccid/shrivelled

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15
Q

If an animal cell gains too much water:

A

It will swell/burst

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16
Q

What is facilitated diffusion?

A

Diffusion of large and/or polar molecules, which need assistance in moving across the cell membrane

17
Q

Proteins which allow molecules to move along concentration gradients:

A
  • Channel proteins

- Carrier proteins

18
Q

Channel proteins (function)

A

Provide a pore in the membrane for hydrophilic molecules such as glucose to move through

19
Q

Carrier proteins (function)

A

Bind to a specific molecule which then changes its shape and release the molecule inside the cell

20
Q

Why does facillitated diffusion not require an input of energy?

A

The molecules move along their concentration gradient

21
Q

What is active transport?

A

Movement of solute molecules from a low concentration to a high concentration (against the gradient)

22
Q

Does active transport require energy?

A

Yes, from ATP

23
Q

How are carrier proteins used in active transport?

A

Change shape to move molecules

24
Q

The movement of large molecules (ie: proteins) involve:

A

Membrane bound sacs called vesicles

25
Endocytosis
Large molecules/particles are taken into the cell
26
Phagocytosis (food)
The membrane folds near the particle, enclose it in a vesicle, which breaks away from the membrane and enters the cytoplasm.
27
Pinocytosis (liquid)
A tiny vesicle forms around the liquid at the surface of the cell
28
These processes involve a change in:
Change in shape of the membrane to form a vesicle.
29
Exocytosis
Substances pass out of the cell.
30
Secreted materials produced by the cell are packaged into the vesicle, which then does what?
Migrates and fuses to the plasma membrane. Contents are then released into extracellular fluid.
31
Manufactured material comes from the ___ and packaging occurs in the ____
The ER and the Golgi body
32
Receptor mediated endocytosis
Intake of some substances using receptors.
33
In receptor mediate endocytosis, substance combines with receptor molecules on the outside of the membrane, which causes:
Formation of vesicle which carries the material into the cell