Week 3 Flashcards
(26 cards)
What is an organic molecule?
A molecule that contains both carbon and hydrogen atoms. e.g. methane (CH4)
Carbohydrate
A major source of energy from our diet
What do plants require for photosynthesis?
CO2, H2O and energy from the sun
What is respiration?
When glucose is oxidised in living cells to produce CO2, H2O and energy
Monosaccharides
Simplest carbohydrate
Disaccharides
Two simple sugars join to form a dimer, resulting in more complex sugars
Polysaccharides
Contains many monosaccharides - long chains of many carbohydrates monomers
Aldoses
Monosaccharides with aldehyde group and many hydroxyl (-OH) groups
Ketoses
Monosaccharides with ketone group and many hydroxyl (-OH) groups
Isomers
Compound with the same chemical formula but different arrangement of atoms
Stereoisomers
A type of isomer - atoms bonded in the same order but with different arrangements in space
Chiral molecules
A type of stereoisomer - two molecules are mirror images of each other. e.g. objects: shoes
Fischer Projections
Used to represent carbohydrates as a linear structure with an indication of chirality
Cyclic compounds
Parent chain of carbons that loops back around itself | prefix = cyclo-
Organic Polymers
A monomer is a single unit of a carbohydrate, protein or nucleic acid - monomers join to form polymers
Cyclic Haworth Projections
Stable cyclic hemiacetals form when C = O groups and -OH are part of the same molecule
Hydrolysis
Separates disaccharides into monosaccharides
Dehydration Synthesis
Binds two monosaccharides, forming a disaccharides
Maltose
A disaccharide in which two D-glucose molecules are joined
Lactose
Composed of galactose and glucose
Sucrose
A disaccharide that is known as table salt
L Notation
L (levo-) assigned to structure with the -OH on the left
D Notation
D (dextro-) assigned to structure with the -OH on the right
What monosaccharides form maltose?
Glucose + Glucose
