Week 3 Flashcards
1
Q
!Carnivore Vs carnivore
A
Carnivore = the order carnivore = meat eater
2
Q
!12 Carnivora families (non scientific names)
A
Dogs Cats Hyenas Bears Racoons Weasels Skunks Civets Mongooses Eared seals Walruses True seals
3
Q
!Types of carnivora diets
A
Carnivores Piscivores Insectivores Frugivores Folivores Omnivores
4
Q
!Carnivore diversity
A
Found everywhere
5
Q
Carnassial teeth
A
Found in Carnivores
Used for cutting and shearing flesh
6
Q
!Carnivore other features
A
Stereoscopic vision to judge distance.
Feet have 4/5 digits and sometimes the hullux is missing or in a higher position on the leg.
Plantigrade and digitigrade locomotion.
Scent glands are well developed.
Baculum penis (penis bone), except in hyenas.
7
Q
!2 clades of carnivora
A
Feliformia
Caniformia
8
Q
!Who’s in the Feliformia sub-order/clade
A
Felidae - cats
Hyaenidae - hyenas
Viverridae - civets and genets
Herpestidae - mongooses
9
Q
!Who’s in the sub-order/clade Caniformia
A
Canidae - dogs Ursidae - bears Otariodae - eared seals Odobenidae - walruses Phocidae - true seals Procyonidae - racoons Mustelidae - weasels and badgers Mephitidae - skunks
10
Q
Eared seals are more closely related to….
A
Bears
11
Q
!True seals are most closely related to…
A
Weasels and otters
12
Q
!Canidae - dogs Distribution: Skull morphology: Morphology: Sexual characteristics: Human interaction:
A
Distribution: *worldwide except Madagascar, New Zealand, and Antarctica Skull morphology: *strong zygomatic arch *Elongated rostrum (long face) *Well developed sagittal crest *Large braincase Morphology: *Long legs for cursorial lifestyle. *Claws are non-retractable *Long tails Sexual characteristics: *Penis swells and locks into the female to prevent access by other males. Human interaction: *Threatened through persecution and habitat destruction. *Some are predators of livestock *Vectors of rabies *Racoon dog bred for fur *Domestic dog for companionship
13
Q
!Felidae
A
Cats
14
Q
!Hyaenidae
A
Hyenas
15
Q
!Viverridae
A
Civets and genets
16
Q
!Herpestidae
A
Mongooses
17
Q
!Canidae
A
Dogs
18
Q
!Ursidae
A
Bears
19
Q
!Otariidae
A
Eared seals
20
Q
!Odobenidae
A
Walruses
21
Q
!Phocidae
A
True seals
22
Q
!Procyonidae
A
Racoons
23
Q
!Mustelidae
A
Weasels and badgers etc
24
Q
!Mephitidae
A
Skunks
25
Ursidae - bears
| Diet adaptations
Diet:
* Herbivorous
* Sloth bears lack two upper central incisors as an adaptation of sucking up termites.
* Sun bear has a long tongue for eating honey.
* Polar bears have reduced dentition for sucking blubber.
26
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!Procyonidae - racoons, including the red panda.
Distribution:
Skull morphology:
Diet:
Lifestyle:
Human interactions:
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Distribution:
*N&S.America, and Asia for red pandas
Skull morphology:
*Short rostrum (stubby face).
*Bunodont cheek teeth
Diet:
Lifestyle:
*Non-retractable claws. Except red panda and ringtails that have semi-retractable claws.
*Tails are long and non-prehensile (except the kinkajou).
*Typically nocturnal
*Arboreal
Human interactions:
*Several Racoon species, olingos, and red panda are endangered.
*Threat of habitat destruction
*Racoons damage crops
*Racoons farmed for fur
*Racoons are rabies vectors
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27
Mustelidae - weasels, badgers, and otters.:
| Skull morphology:
Skull morphology:
| *Long and flattened for hunting in tunnels.
28
Mephitidae - skunks
| Lifestyle:
Lifestyle:
*Anal gland secretions used for defence.
*Coat colour conveys warning signals.
.
29
Otariidae - eared seals.
| Eared seals Vs fur seals
* Eared seals insulation comes from blubber.
| * Fur seal insulation comes from secondary hair coat.
30
Otariidae - eared seals
Diet:
Lifestyle:
Diet:
*Generalists - fish, krill, lobsters, and some warm blooded prey (e.g sea birds).
Lifestyle:
*External pinnae (can sea ears).
*Can bring flippers under the body to walk due to propulsion from forelimbs.
*Enlarged thoracic and cervical vertebra (propulsion occurs from the front of the body).
31
Odobenidae - Walruses
Diet:
Lifestyle:
Diet:
*Vibrissae (bristles around mouth) used to detect food.
Lifestyle:
*Can bring flippers under the body to walk.
*Propulsion from hind limbs when swimming.
32
Phocidae - true seals
| Lifestyle:
Lifestyle:
* Can't bring flippers under the body to walk (because propulsion when swimming come from hind flippers).
* Insulating blubber
* Enlarged and flexible lumber vertebrae for propulsion.
33
!Felidae-cats
| 3 Sub families
Pantherine - big cats
Ocelot - medium cats
Domestic cat - small cats
34
Felidae - cats
| Lifestyle:
Lifestyle:
* Large eyes with tapetum lucidum for seeing in low light.
* Retractable claws, except the cheetah.
35
Hyaenidae - hyenas
Skull morphology:
Diet:
Skull morphology:
*Large and long - large masseter muscles for strong grip.
Diet:
*Aardwolf cheek teeth are small and peglike and are often lost in adults due to there diet of termites.
36
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!Viverridae - civets & genets.
Distribution:
Skull morphology:
Diet:
Lifestyle:
Human interactions:
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Distribution:
*Africa and Madagascar, Spain and France, near East, Arabian peninsula, India, and SE Asia.
Skull morphology:
*Long facial part
*Skulls are domestic cat-like
*Civit skulls are more heavily built
Diet:
*Binturong dentition reflect vegetarian diet - canines flattened and reduced premolars and molars, and peglike upper incisors.
*Generally canine teeth are small and carnassial teeth are unprominant.
Lifestyle:
*Retractable claws
*Mostly Long tails
*Mist civits have a scent gland near genitals
*Nocturnal and crepuscular
*Arboreal and some semi-aquatic.
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