Week 7

Question 1

!Distribution of Eraneomorpha (hedgehogs & moonrats)

Answer 1

Africa, Europe, and Asia

Question 2

!Erinaceomorpha, hedgehogs Vs moonrats coats

Answer 2

Hedgehogs have sharp spines.

Moonrats have fur

Question 3

!Erinaceomorpha (hedgehogs and moonrats) skull morphology

Answer 3

• complete zygomatic arch

* Upper molars appear bunodont

Question 4

!Erinaceomorpha (hedgehogs and moonrats) diet

Answer 4

*feed on invertebrates

Question 5

!Erinaceomorpha (hedgehogs and moonrats) hedgehogs spines

Answer 5

Spines are soft when born and harden with age by enlargement of panniculus carnosus muscle which erects the spines

Question 6

!Sub-family Hylomyinae

Answer 6

Moonrats

Question 7

!Moonrats (Sub-family Hylomyinae) characteristics

Answer 7

Hair instead of spines
Long nearly hairless tail
Nocturnal and solitary

Question 8

!Afrosoricida (tenrics and golden moles) distribution

Answer 8

Africa

Question 9

Afrosoricida (tenrics and golden moles) tenric in convergent evolution with??

Answer 9

Hedgehogs due to there spines!

Question 10

!Afrosoricida (tenrics and golden moles) skull morphology

Answer 10

• lack jugals

* Incomplete zygomatic arch

Question 11

!Afrosoricida (tenrics and golden moles) dentition

Answer 11

Upper molars are zalambdodont

Question 12

!Afrosoricida (tenrics and golden moles) diet

Answer 12

Typically opportunistic invertebrate feeders

Question 13

!Afrosoricida (tenrics and golden moles) unique breeding?

Answer 13

They have a cloaca!

Question 14

!Afrosoricida (tenrics and golden moles) golden mole lifestyle

Answer 14

Fossorial

Question 15

Afrosoricida (tenrics and golden moles) golden mole unique physiology
*Due to dry climate

Answer 15

Low BMR.

They live in dry habitats and so have developed efficient renal function.

Question 16

!Afrosoricida (tenrics and golden moles) golden moles skull morphology and dentition

Answer 16

Conical
Unique tabular bones in occipital area of skull.
Zygomatic arch formed by elongation of maxillae.

Question 17

!Afrosoricida (tenrics and golden moles) golden mole dentition

Answer 17

Lateral Incisors and 1st pre-molars canine-like

Molars are zalambdodont

Question 18

(Soricomorpha) shrews and selenodont unique characteristics??

Answer 18

Venomous saliva!

Question 19

!Soricidae, shrews (from order soricomorpha) distribution

Answer 19

Wide spread

Question 20

!Soricidae, shrews (from order soricomorpha) skull morphology

Answer 20

• narrow and elongated
• No zygomatic arch
• No tympanic bulla
• Distinctive double condyle processes, forming a double articulation on mandible
• No post-orbital processe

Question 21

!Soricidae, shrews (from order soricomorpha) dentition

Answer 21

6 unicuspid teeth in anterior upper dentition.
Pigmented teeth
1st incisor is large with elongated main cusp and smaller posterior secondary cusp.
Upper molars are dilambdodont

Question 22

Talpidae, moles (from order soricomorpha) distribution

Answer 22

Europe, Asia, and north America

Question 23

Talpidae (from order soricomorpha) coats

Answer 23

• Moles - short and unidirectional for tunneling
• Desmans - double layered waterproof stiff hairs.
• Shrew moles - guard hairs and underfur

Question 24

Talpidae (from order soricomorpha) skull morphology

Answer 24

Complete zygomatic arch

Question 25

Talpidae (from order soricomorpha) dentition

Answer 25

Dilambdodont molars

Question 26

Talpidae (from order soricomorpha) characteristics

Answer 26

Fossorial Burrow systems Eimors organ on snout which is a touch receptor for finding food in tunnels Star-nosed mole in semi-aquatic

Question 27

Talpidae (from order soricomorpha) sub-family Desmanidae (desmans) characteristics

Answer 27

Semi-aquatic Webbed feet Feed on fresh water invertebrates

Question 28

Family solenodontidae, selenodons (in order soricomorpha) distribution

Answer 28

Cuba

Question 29

Family solenodontidae, selenodons (in order soricomorpha) characteristics

Answer 29

Long fur Venomous saliva Omnivorous (mostly invertebrates)

Question 30

Family solenodontidae, selenodons (in order soricomorpha) skull morphology

Answer 30

Incomplete zygomatic arch No auditory bullae Extra bone that supports the tip of rostrum

Question 31

Family solenodontidae, selenodons (in order soricomorpha) dentition

Answer 31

Anterior upper incisors are large Second lower incisor has deep groove to carry venom Molars are V-shaped

Question 32

Sengis/elephant shrews (Order macroscelidae) distribution

Answer 32

Africa

Question 33

Sengis/elephant shrews (Order macroscelidae) lifestyle adaptations

Answer 33

Diurnal Insectivorous Hind limbs are longer than for limbs and so are adapted for leaping Large eyes

Question 34

Sengis/elephant shrews (Order macroscelidae) skull morphology

Answer 34

Complete and quite large auditory bullae Large jugals Compete zygomatic arch Palate has large fenestra and so can be confused my marsupials. To tell the difference you can see that the angle of reflection of the mandible is not rounded like marsupials.

Question 35

Sengis/elephant shrews (Order macroscelidae) anti-predator behaviour

Answer 35

Maintain long runways clear of obstacles in order to run for safety at high speeds and refuge in burrows.

Question 36

Aardvark (Order Tubulidentata, family Orycteropodidae) distribution

Answer 36

Africa

Question 37

Aardvark (Order Tubulidentata, family Orycteropodidae) characteristics

Answer 37

Elongated rostrum for termite and ant eating. Houses a long tongue. Large donkey-like ears Thick skin Sparsely haired Rely heavily on smell and have 9-11 turbinate bones. Nostrils have fleshy tentacles and dense hair which seal the nostrils when digging.

Question 38

Aardvark (Order Tubulidentata, family Orycteropodidae) skull morphology

Answer 38

Elongated skull Complete zygomatic arch Elaborate Turbinal bones

Question 39

Aardvark (Order Tubulidentata, family Orycteropodidae) dentition

Answer 39

Lack incisors and canines Diphyodont - milk teeth lost before birth Unique molars - they lack enamel. Hexagonal dentine which is surrounded by cementum layer. Rootless and continueously growing