Week 3 Flashcards
(28 cards)
- Any quality of a person, group, or situation that VARIES or takes on different values.
- Central building blocks of QUANTITATIVE studies.
- EXAMPLE; weight, anxiety, and fatigue.
- Most human characteriestics are variables.
VARIABLES
- Presumed CAUSE
- Intervention, influence , or exposure plus the comparison
INDEPENDENT
- Presumed EFFECT
- OUTCOME
- The outcome that researches want to understand ,explain, or predict.
DEPENDENT VARIABLES
Tell if its variables indicating Direction (CAUSE)
Researches compared levels of depression among men and women diagnosed with cancer, and found men to be more depressed
VARIABLES INDICATING DIRECTION
DEPENDENT OR INDEPENDENT
Research question “Is vitamin D deficiency associated with poor sleep quality in African American and Hispanic pregnant women ?’’
( Vitamin D deficiency )
INDEPENDENT
DEPENDENT OR INDEPENDENT
Research question “Is vitamin D deficiency associated with poor sleep quality in African American and Hispanic pregnant women ?’’
( SLEEP QUALITY)
DEPENDENT
Theoretical meaning of a “CONCEPT”
CONCEPTUAL
Indicates what the researchers specifically must do to measure the concept and collect needed information.
OPERATIONAL
Research data are the pieces of information gathered in a study.
DATA
Information in numeric form
Quantitative Data
Narrative descriptions
QUALITATIVE DATA
Researches usually study phenomena in relation to other phenomena — that examine relationships
A connection between phenomena.
RELATIONSHIPS
Researches actively introduce an intervention or treatment — most often , to address therapy quetions.
In medical and epidemiological research — CLINICAL TRIALS
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
Researches are bystanders — they collect data without introducing treatment
In medical and epidemiological research — OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES
NONEXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
A TRUE EXPERIMENT S CHARACERIZED BY THE THREE PROPERTIES:
M. C. R.
Manipulation
Control
Randominazation
— or intervention , the experimenter DOES SOMETHING to some participants by MANIPULATING the independent variable.
MANIPULATION
The experimenter introduces controls into the study, including devising an approximation of a counterfactual — usually a CONTROL GROUP that doe not receive the intervention
CONTROL
He experimenter assigns participants to a control or experimental condition on a random basis (random assignment)
RANDOMIZATION
(Non Experimental ) -
The purpose of ———- studies is to observe , describe , and document aspects of a situation.
DESCRIPTIVE
( NON EXPERIMENTTAL STUDIES )
Involves the systematic investigation of relationships between or among variables .
Determines the degree of strength and type of a relationship between two variables.
CORRELATIONAL
An effect (outcome ) observed in the present is linked to a potential cause that occured in the PAST.
RETROSPECTIVE DESIGN ( case control design )
Start with a presumed cause and then go forward to the presumed effect.
Cohort design ( PROSPECTIVE DESIGN )
Qualitative research: Disciiplinary Traditions
- lived experiences of humans
- An approach to thinking about what life experiences of people are like and what they mean.
‘’ what is the essence of this phenomenon as experienced by these people?’’
Phenomenology
- the primary research TRADITION is ANTHROPOLOGY
- TO LEARN FROM MEMBERS OF A CULTURAL GROUP , TO UNDERSTAND THEIR WORLDVIEW , AND TO DESCRIBE THEIR CUSTOMS AND NORMS.
Ethnography
