Week 7 ( MIDTERM )

Question 1

Flow of Steps in Research

Answer 1

Phase 1: The conceptual phase
Phase 2: The design and planning phase
Phase 3: The empirical phase
Phase 4: The analytic phase
Phase 5: The dissemination phase

Question 2

1.Formulating and demiliting the problem
2. Reviewing the related literature
3.Undertaking clinical fieldwork
4. Defining the framework/developing conceptual definitions
5.Formulating hypothesis

Answer 2

PHASE 1 : THE CONCEPTUAL PHASE

Question 3

6. Selecting a research design
7. Developing intervention and protocols
8. Identifying the population
9. Designing the sampling plan
10. Specifying methods to measuee research variables.
11. Developing methods to safeguard subjects
12. Finalizing the research plan

Answer 3

Phase 2 : The design and Planning Phase

Question 4

13. Collecting the data
14. Preparing the data for analysis

Answer 4

Phase 3: The empirical phase

Question 5

15. Analyzing the data
16. Interpreting the results

Answer 5

Phase 4: The Analytic Phase

Question 6

17. Communicating the findings
18. Utilizing the findings in practice

Answer 6

Phase 5: The dissemination phase

Question 7

A _____ is all the individuals or objects with common, defining characteristics

Answer 7

POPULATION

Question 8

Researches specify population characteristics through ______

Answer 8

ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA

Question 9

Researches establish criteria to determine whether a person qualifies as a member of the population

Answer 9

(INCLUSION CRITERIA) or should be EXCLUDED (EXCLUSION CRITERIA)

Question 10

_______ involves SELECTING CASES (sample) to REPRESENT the population

Answer 10

SAMPLING

Question 11

A _____ is a subset of the population

Answer 11

SAMPLE

Question 12

________ are SUBPOPULATIONS, mutually EXCLUSIVE segments of population based on a specific characteristics

Answer 12

STRATA

Question 13

A __________specifies how the sample will be SELECTED and HOW MANY SUBJECTS THERE WILL BE. The goal is to have a sample that adequately reflects the population’traits.

Answer 13

SAMLING PLAN

Question 14

Well-designed samples allow researches to apply findings from the sample to the entire population

Answer 14

GENERALIZABILITY

Question 15

Sampling is MORE PRACTICAL and COST-EFFECTIVE than studying the entire population

Answer 15

COST- EFFECTIVENESS

Question 16

Careful sampling minimizes Bias, IMPROVING THE VALIDITY OF the research results.

Answer 16

ACCURACY

Question 17

A single case study might focus kn 1-5 cases with detailed analysis of each case

Answer 17

CASE STUDY

Question 18

Depending on the depth of immersion in a CULTURE or SETTING, this can vary greatly, but usually fewer participants are studied intensively over a long period.

Answer 18

ETHNOGRAPHY

Question 19

May require 20-30 participants or more, as it AIMS TO DEVELOP A THEORY FROM THE DATA

Answer 19

Grounded Theory

Question 20

Often involves 5-10 participants , FOCUSING ON DEEP EXPLORATION OF LIVED EXPERIENCE

Answer 20

PHENOMENOLOGY

Question 21

Qualitative research seeks to understand HOW and WHY things happen, rather than quabtifying outcomes. The sample size should be large enoughto ensure data saturation but small enough to amnage the deoth lf analysis required.

Answer 21

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

Question 22

Saturation is reached when no new information or themes are emerging from the data. Once the researcher notices REPETITIVR PATTERNS , the sample size is considered sufficient.
*5-30 participants

Answer 22

DATA SATURATION

Question 23

LARGER populations generally REQUIRE LARGER SAMPLES

Answer 23

Population Size

Question 24

How much ERROR you are WILLING TO TOLERATE ( Smaller margins require LARGER SAMPLES )*0.05- 5%

Answer 24

MARGIN OF ERROR

Question 25

The VARIABILITY within the population. If unsure, a 50% variance is often used for conservative estimates

Answer 25

VARIANCE