Week 3 Flashcards
(12 cards)
What key idea of social-cognitive learning theory challenged traditional behaviourism?
Learning can occur through observation and mental representation, not just direct reinforcement
What is a cognitive map, according to Tolman?
A mental representation of spatial characteristics in a familiar environment
What is latent learning?
Learning that occurs without reinforcement and is not immediately expressed in behavior
What did Bandura’s Bobo Doll experiment show?
Children learn and store behavior by observing models — even without direct reinforcement.
How does social learning theory distinguish learning from performance?
Learning can occur without being shown until incentives are provided
How do Tolman and Bandura’s work challenge behaviourism?
They show learning involves internal cognitive processes, not just stimulus-response behavior
What is memory?
A set of processes for encoding, storing, and retrieving sensory-based information
What are the three memory systems in the Atkinson & Shiffrin model?
Sensory memory
Short-term memory
Long-term memory
What is encoding?
The process of acquiring and attending to information, registering it in brain regions
What does storage involve?
Consolidating and distributing encoded representations in neural networks
What are the two types of sensory memory?
Iconic (visual)
Echoic (auditory)
What did Sperling’s partial report method show about sensory memory?
Iconic memory has large capacity but fades within ~500ms
