Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

MBB1 > Week 6 > Flashcards

Week 6 Flashcards

(46 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What does “rostral” mean in brain anatomy?

A

Toward the front

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does “caudal” mean?

A

Toward the back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does “dorsal” refer to?

A

Toward the top/back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does “ventral” mean?

A

Toward the bottom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the difference between “lateral” and “medial”?

A

Lateral = toward the side
Medial = toward the midline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define “ipsilateral” and “contralateral”

A

Ipsilateral = same side of midline
Contralateral = opposite side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the corpus callosum?

A

A large bundle of axons connecting the two hemispheres of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are homotopic vs heterotopic connections?

A

Homotopic: connect the same regions across hemispheres
Heterotopic: connect different regions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a callosotomy, and what is it used for?

A

Surgical severing of the corpus callosum, used to treat severe epilepsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the two main parts of the forebrain?

A

Telencephalon and diencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the cerebral cortex responsible for?

A

Higher-level functions like perception, thought, and voluntary movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the difference between grey and white matter?

A

Grey matter = neuron cell bodies
White matter = myelinated axons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the function of the basal ganglia?

A

Controls involuntary, automatic movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Name key components of the limbic system.

A

Hippocampus, amygdala, cingulate gyrus, fornix, orbitofrontal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does the thalamus do?

A

Acts as a relay station for sensory inputs to the cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does the hypothalamus regulate?

A

Autonomic functions and survival behaviors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the midbrain’s role?

A

Involved in eye movement and audio-visual processing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does the cerebellum control?

A

Coordination of movement and balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the function of the pons?

Study These Flashcards
A

Regulates sleep/arousal and relays information to the cerebellum

20
Q

What does the medulla oblongata regulate?

Study These Flashcards
A

Autonomic functions like breathing and heart rate

21
Q

What is retinotopic mapping?

Study These Flashcards
A

Specific retinal regions map to specific parts of the visual cortex

22
Q

What tonotopic mapping?

Study These Flashcards
A

Different frequencies map to different areas of the auditory cortex

23
Q

What cortex processes touch, pain, and temperature?

Study These Flashcards
A

Primary somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobe

24
Q

What does somatotopic mapping mean?

Study These Flashcards
A

Different body parts are represented in specific cortical areas

25
What cortex is responsible for voluntary movement?
Primary motor cortex
26
What are higher-order functions of the frontal lobe?
Planning, impulse control, emotional regulation, social cognition
27
Name the 4 key parts of a neuron
Soma (cell body), dendrites, axon, terminal buttons
28
What is the resting membrane potential?
About -70 mV
29
What triggers an action potential?
Membrane depolarizes to the threshold (~ -50 mV)
30
What happens during depolarization?
Sodium (Na⁺) flows in, making the inside more positive
31
What occurs during repolarization?
Potassium (K⁺) flows out, restoring negative potential
32
What is the refractory period?
A brief time after an action potential when the neuron can't fire again
33
What is the "all-or-none" law?
Action potentials either fire fully or not at all
34
What is the rate law?
Stronger stimuli cause faster firing, not bigger action potentials
35
What is myelin’s function?
Insulates axons and speeds up electrical conduction
36
What are the three parts of a synapse?
Presynaptic terminal Synaptic cleft postsynaptic membrane
37
What is an EPSP?
Excitatory postsynaptic potential—makes neuron more likely to fire
38
What neurotransmitter typically causes EPSPs?
Glutamate
39
What is an IPSP?
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential—makes neuron less likely to fire
40
What neurotransmitter typically causes IPSPs?
GABA
41
What is neural integration?
The summing of excitatory and inhibitory inputs to determine if a neuron fires
42
Name five key neurotransmitters and their functions.
Glutamate – Excitation GABA – Inhibition Dopamine – Reward, motivation Serotonin – Mood regulation Noradrenaline – Arousal, attention
43
What is the role of reuptake in synaptic transmission?
Recycles neurotransmitters and ends their effect
44
How do agonist drugs work?
Mimic natural neurotransmitters and activate receptors
45
How do antagonist drugs work?
Block receptors and prevent activation
46
What is meant by hierarchical brain organization?
Lower structures control basic functions Higher ones control complex thought.

MBB1 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions