Week 3 Flashcards
What are some of the GI causes of back pain?
Gallbladder
Peptic ulcer disease
Colonic disease
Pancreatitis
What are the common metastasis to the spine?
Bad Boys Pee Through Kidneys
Breast, bronchus, prostate, thyroid, kidney
Patient presents with sharp shooting pain in the back radiating down the leg to the foot. They have reduced function in that leg and tingling in the same strip. Diagnosis
Sciatica- root leg pain
E.g compression of a nerve root
If there is referred pain from the spine to the lower limbs, what typeof pain would you expect?
Dull/ knawing pain, around the buttock and thigh region. Rarely below knee and ill defined
If there is a prolapse in the L5/S1 disc, what nerve root will be effected?
The S1 nerve roots
Patient with back pain is able to hip flex, dorsiflex the foot, but unable to extend their knee. Diagnosis?
Disc prolapse of the L3/4 or L2/3
As; hip flexion involves L1/2, dorsiflexion of the foot is L5 so these nerve levels must be intact
Patient with possible cauda equina syndrome presents. What test must you do?
PR exam to assess sensation and anal sphincter tone as if lost then suggests a nerve root issue
What is the treatment for disc prolapse?
If no red flag symptoms then not urgent e.g GI issues
Physiotherapy and pain relief mainly as should settle within 3-24 months
Genu varum of the knees is what kind of deformity?
Where there is an outward bending of the legs (bow knees)
Genu valgum of the knees is what kind of deformity?
Where the knees are bent inwards so get knock knees
At what point in development is genu varum considered physiological?
Up to 2 years unless it is assymetrical
At what age is genu valgum considered physiological?
Up to 7 years with peak age of 3.5 years. After this it is pathological as should have resolved
What is the treatment for achild presenting with curly toes?
NOTHING
Dont splint they will resolve with age
Reassure the parents
Once a baby reaches 2 month milestone what would you expect in terms of their functions?
To have head control
At 6-9months old what developmental mile stones would you expect a baby to reach?
Be able to sit alone, crawl, have head control
By 9-12 months what milestones would you expect a normal child to have reached?
Head control, able to stand, sit, crawl, have a few words
At what month mark(s) would you expect a child to be walking?
14-17 months
What is spondylosis?
Where the intervertebral disc loses water content with aging causing compression of the facet joints leading to spinal osteoarthritis
What are the most common vertebrae effected in sponylosis
L4/5
L5/S1
What is spinal stenosis? What aggrevates the pain associated?
The narrowing of the spinal canal due to osteophyte formation, disc prolapse.
Wlaking downhill more difficult as extension of the back narrows the spinal canal putting more stress on the nerves
If want to do a lumbar puncture, what vertebral level would you go in?
L4- posterior iliac crest
What are the red flags of GI
Night sweats, constant pain (metastasis), incontinence, loss of control, saddle anaethesia, full leg symptoms, weight loss
Where does the spinal cord end and become the cauda equina
L2
What is the epidemiological group for acute osteomyelitis?
Post operative patient
Trauma
Immunosuppresed
Children