Week 3 - Cardiology Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Week 3 - Cardiology Deck (19)
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1
Q

Dyspnea is ________

A

sensation of difficulty breathing

2
Q

Orthopnea is ________. It can indicate ________

A

breathing difficulty lying down

Heart failure, panic disorder, hypertension, obesity, sleep apnea, snoring, cor pulmonale

3
Q

Heart failure is a condition where _______. It causes _______

A

the heart cannot pump enough blood throughout the body.

blood and fluid “back up” into the lungs
buildup of fluid in lower extremities
tiredness, SOB

4
Q

LHF can be caused by __________

A

HBP, obesity, aortic valve insufficiency/stenosis, cardiomyopathy

5
Q

RHF can be caused by ________

A

COPD (cor pulomnale, mitral valve pathology)

6
Q

Symptoms of heart failure include ________

A
sudden weight gain
SOB at rest
swelling of legs, abdomen
trouble sleeping
frequent dry, hacking cough
loss of appetite
increased fatigue
7
Q

Cor pulmonale is defined as _________.

_____ is the common link between ______ dysfunction and the heart in cor pulmonale

A

an alteration in structure and function of right ventricle caused by primary disorder of respiratory system,

Pulmonary hypertension

lung

8
Q

Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is __________

A

a bulging of one or both mitral valve leaflets into letft atrium during systole, commonly producing a crisp systolic sound or click and a delayed or late systolic mitral regurgitation murmr.

9
Q

MVP is diagnosed by __________

A

auscultation

10
Q

Mitral regurgitation is ________

A

retrograde flow from left ventricle through an incompetent mitral valve into left atrium

11
Q

Mitral stenosis is _______

A

obstruction of flow from left atrium to left ventricle because of a narrowed mitral orifice.

12
Q

Mitral stenosis in adults is almost always caused by _______

A

previous rheumatic fever.

13
Q

A heart controlled by the SA node is said to be in normal ____________

A

sinus rhythm

14
Q

In bradycardia, EKG shows __________

A

RR interval is longer

15
Q

Grave’s disease is _________

A

an autoimmune disease that causes overactivity of the thyroid gland

16
Q

Grave’s disease is diagnosed via ____________

A

examination - increased heart rate, thyroid enlargement, goiter
blood work - TSH decrease, T3, T4 elevated, TSI high,

17
Q

Describe EKG in ventricular fibrillation

A

random, apparently unrelated waves. Usually no recognizable QRS complex.

18
Q

Myocardial infarction is predominantly a disease of ________ ventricle

A

left

19
Q

Very early sign of CHF is __________

A

Recumbent dry cough