Week 3 - Ear Flashcards
What are 8 causes of conductive hearing loss?
- ) Obstruction of ear canal
- ) Perforated tympanic membrane
- ) Dislocated ossicle
- ) Otitis media
- ) Otitis externa
- ) Otosclerosis
- ) Congential
- ) Cholesteatoma
What results from physical or mechanical problems that limit movement of the sound wave through the external and middle ear?
Conductive hearing loss
What is the result of damage to the hair cells or nerves that sense sound waves; a sensory problem in the inner ear?
Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL)
What are 11 causes/associated conditions of SNHL?
- ) Acoustic trauma
- ) Barotrauma
- ) Head trauma
- ) Ototoxic drugs (Rx drugs and cocaine)
- ) Infection
- ) Aging
- ) Acoustic neuroma
- ) Sudden SNHL
- ) Meniere SNHL
- ) Vascular disease
- ) Multiple sclerosis
What would you call a combination of both conductive and sensorineural loss?
Mixed hearing loss
What is the perception of sound (e.g. buzzing, ringing, roaring, clicking) in absence of an acoustic stimulus. May be intermittent, continuous, pulsatile; either unilateral or bilateral.
Tinnitus
What are the 2 types of tinnitus?
- ) Subjective
2. ) Objective
Which type of tinnitus is audible only to patients, is high frequency, and is due to damage of fine hair cells?
Subjective tinnitus
What are 9 etiological conditions associated with subjective tinnitus?
- ) Acoustic trauma
- ) Barotrauma
- ) Eustacian tube dysfunction
- ) Meniere disease
- ) Drugs
- ) Presbycusis
- ) CNS tumor
- ) Infection (OM, labryinthitis, meningitis)
- ) Ear canal obstruction
What disease has hearing loss, vertigo, and tinnitus with gradual onset and often progresses to deafness and severe vertigo?
Meniere disese
What is unilateral hearing loss over 72hrs. and associated with microvascular event or head trauma?
Sudden SNHL (SSNHL)
Which type of tinnitus is rare and can be heard by the physician listening directly over the patient’s ear with their stethoscope?
Objective tinnitus
What do you call a tumor in the auditory nerve?
Acoustic neuroma
What are 4 etiological conditions associated with objective tinnitus?
- ) A-V malformations
- ) Turbulent flow in carotid A or jugular V
- ) Vascular middle ear tumor
- ) Monoclonus
What are 14 other types or causes for tinnitus?
- ) hyperlipidemia
- ) allergies
- ) diabetes
- ) hypertension
- ) hypotension
- ) syphilis
- ) cardiovascular dx
- ) endocrine dx
- ) metabolic dx
- ) TMJ disorders
- ) cervical injuries
- ) stress
- ) dietary problems
- ) intake of stimulants (nicotine, caffeine)
What is a non-specific term of describing a sensation of altered spatial orientation “illusory movement” most often cause by dysfunction of the vestibular, visual, or proprioceptive (posterior column) systems, or by diffuse impairment of blood flow to the brain?
Vertigo
What are the 2 CLASSIFICATIONS of vertigo?
- ) True vertigo
2. ) Non-vertigo
Which classification of vertigo is the sensation of movement and is caused by asymmetry in the vestibular system (CN8, inner ear, and cerebellum)?
True vertigo
Which classification of vertigo has syncope, fainting, or sensation of impending fainting?
Non-vertigo
What are the 2 FURTHER CLASSIFICATIONS of vertigo?
- ) Peripheral
2. ) Central
Which further classification of vertigo associated with nystagmus has unidirectional with fast component towards normal ear, with horizontal with rotation?
Peripheral vertigo
Which further classification of vertigo associated with nystagmus is any direction and sometimes changes direction?
Central vertigo
Which further classification of vertigo associated with other neuro signs is absent?
Peripheral vertigo
Which further classification of vertigo associated with other neuro signs is often present (ataxic gait, diplopia, slurred speech, numbness)?
Central vertigo