Week 3 - Eye Flashcards
In which condition do farway objects appear blurry?
Myopia (near-sightedness)
Which condition is most common; distant objects are clear, and close-up objects are blurry?
Hyperopia (far-sightedness)
What is the condition in which refraction is unequal in different meridians of the eye and the cornea or the lens has a slightly different surface curvature. It is often present at birth and may occur in combination with nearsightedness or farsightedness?
Astigmatism
Which condition is a slow loss of ability to see close objects or small print? It tends to happen with age when the lens becomes less pliable and eventually cannot accommodate in response to the action of the ciliary muscles.
Presbyopia
What are 9 causes for photophobia?
- ) eye infection
- ) acute glaucoma
- ) eye inflammation (uveitis, iritis, keratitis)
- ) corneal disorder (foreign body, abrasion, ulcer)
- ) eye injury
- ) cataracts
- ) conjunctivitis
- ) migraine headache
- ) allergies
What is the condition in which a patient experiences area of partial or complete blindness, usually within the central 30-degree area. It is from damage to the nerve fiber layer in the retina and is often seen by the patient as a “dark spot”.
Scotoma (blind spots)
What type of scotoma is an irregular outline around a luminous patch in the visual field following mental or physical work, eyestrain, or migraine prodrome (visual aura)?
Scintillating scotoma
What is the term for the perception of floaters?
Myodesopia
How are floaters visible?
They cast shadows on the retina or their refraction of the light passes them.
With what 3 things are floaters associated?
- ) autoimmune uveitis
- ) diabetic retinopathy
- ) posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) with aging
What are 3 types of headaches associated with eye symptoms?
- ) cluster
- ) sinusitis
- ) migraines
What is the condition for blindness or decreased vision in half of visual field of one or both eyes?
Hemianopsia
Which type of hemianopsia is same side of both eyes, can be transient, has loss of pupillary reflexes, and is usually an optic tract problem?
Homonymous hemianopsia
Which type of hemianopsia happens on opposite sides and is often a pituitary problem?
Crossed hemianopsia
Which type of hemianopsia is at the level of the brain and the pupil reflex present as optic tract is not affected?
Quadrant hemianopsia
What are 8 etiological conditions associated with dry eyes?
- ) aging (esp. postmenopausal)
- ) mal-positioned eyelids
- ) chemical burn to eye
- ) medications (antihistimines, nasal decongestants)
- ) dry climate
- ) dry eye syndromes
- ) post-eye surgery
- ) vit A deficiency
Which condition has the following characteristics?
- bilateral dryness of eyes from lack of tears, more common in adult females
- eye redness, swelling, itching, burning, and perhaps reduced vision
- can be in conjunction with autoimmune disease
Keratoconjunctivivitis sicca
What form of red eye is when the sclera gets very red and is due to minor trauma (i.e. straining, sneezing, coughing). It is not painful, no vision change, no pathological significance, but is alarming to the patient?
Hemorrhage of conjunctival vessels
Which type of red eye is conjunctival and has peripheral, brick-red, tortuous superficial vessels that fade towards the iris. It moves with the conjunctiva and will blanch and refill with pressure?
Injection
What are 3 forms of etiology for acute conjunctivitis?
- ) allergic (common)
- ) viral
- ) bacterial
What are 7 predisposing factors for acute conjunctivitis?
- ) irritation from wind
- ) dust
- ) smoke
- ) air pollution
- ) common cold
- ) corneal irritation from intense light
- ) reflection from snow
Which type of conjunctivitis has the following signs and sxs?
- sudden, mild to moderate, bilateral severe swelling of conjunctiva and lids
- conjunctiva appears pale but easily visible blood vessels
- not painful, but pruritus is extremely common
- clear, watery discharge is typical
Acute allergic conjunctivitis
Which type of allergic conjunctivitis is non-seasonal (on/off throughout the year)? There is little evidence of inflammation but itching, burning, and photophobia may be present. Additionally, eyelid eversion may show velvety projections or palpebral conjunctiva may be misdiagnosed as dry eye syndrome.
Chronic allergic conjunctivitis
Which type of conjunctivitis is allergy to soft contact lenses; and may be slow to develop?
Giant papillary conjunctivitis