Week 3 Lecture

Question 1

What important ramifications does physical growth have?

Answer 1

Psychological ramifications, because of the interaction with the environments as a result of physical development.

Question 2

What is the 5 months growth spurt generally?

Answer 2

Double their birthweight

Question 3

What is the 12 month growths spurt?

Answer 3

Triple birth weight double birth length

Question 4

What is the 24 month growth spurt

Answer 4

Weight and height continue to increase, muscle replaces fat

Question 5

What age do bones harde?

Answer 5

2-6 years

Question 6

What age is generally where most children look more adult like?

Answer 6

About 5 years

Question 7

What happens with physical growth from 6 years on?

Answer 7

bones lengthen, broaden, facial bones grow, longer face, wider mouth

Question 8

What are features of a baby face?

Answer 8

Large forehead, features lower part of face, large round eyes, high and prominent cheeks

Question 9

What does baby faces foster in terms of attachment?

Answer 9

Attractive to adults, encourages social bond

Question 10

How much does the average newborn weigh?

Answer 10

About 3.4kg

Question 11

What is the average length of a newborn?

Answer 11

About 50cm in length

Question 12

What do growth charts do?

Answer 12

Show weight and height gain over time compared to others of the same age.

Question 13

What is motor development? What are 3 examples of these?

Answer 13

Growth and development of body movements

• reflexes
• gross motor skills
• fine motor skills

Question 14

What can motor development indicate?

Answer 14

A child’s neurological integrity, perceptual development, cognitive development.

Question 15

Are milestones in motor development important?

Answer 15

Yes - important medically as well as physically and socially

Question 16

What are reflexes?

Answer 16

Innate patterns of behaviour

Question 17

What happens if reflexes persist into childhood?

Answer 17

There may be diagnostic significance

Question 18

Are there reflexes present even during foetal development?

Answer 18

Yes - many

Question 19

What are the 4 basic reflexes?

Answer 19

1. sucking
2. rooting
3. grasping
4. blinking

Question 20

What are the 2 different types of reflexes?

Answer 20

1. survival reflexes (breathing, blinking, rooting, sucking)

2. grasp reflexes

Question 21

What is rooting?

Answer 21

Infant moves mouth toward source when touches on cheek

Question 22

What is sucking?

Answer 22

tactile stimulation of the mouth - rhythmic sucking

Question 23

What is the moro reflex?

Answer 23

When head allowed to drop, arms spread out then retract; baby usually cries

Question 24

What is the Babinski reflex?

Answer 24

toes curl outward like a fan when sole of foot stroked

Question 25

When do reflexes approximately start to lose dominance?

Answer 25

Around 6 months

Question 26

What happens after 6 months with reflexes?

Answer 26

Voluntary control starts to take over

Question 27

What basic movements are occurring when voluntary movements take over?

Answer 27

- control of head - manipulative movements - locomotion movements

Question 28

What is gross motor development?

Answer 28

Large muscle movement of arms, legs, torso

Question 29

What is the goal for younger children with their gross motor skills?

Answer 29

Mastery

Question 30

What is the goal for older adults with their gross motor skills?

Answer 30

Mastery as means to na end. More complex skills

Question 31

What is fine motor skills?

Answer 31

Small muscles throughout the body (fingers, toes etc)

Question 32

What is an example of fine motor development for newborn?

Answer 32

They attempt to grasp, but not enough control. By 4-5 moths they emerge as two separate skills.

Question 33

What is an ulnar grasp?

Answer 33

fingers close against palm

Question 34

What is a pincer

Answer 34

thumb and forefinger

Question 35

What fine motor skills develop at 3 years?

Answer 35

pincer grasp objects, undo buttons, jigsaw puzzles

Question 36

What fine motor skills develop at 4 years?

Answer 36

fold paper, build smooth towers

Question 37

What motor developments have happened at 2 years?

Answer 37

walk smoothly and rhythmically

Question 38

What motor developments have happened at 3 years?

Answer 38

run, skip, jump

Question 39

What happens in motor development after 5 years?

Answer 39

walk backwards, change direction while running

Question 40

What occurs between 7-17 years in regard to motor skills?

Answer 40

significant improvement in, especially gross, motor skills

Question 41

What happens when your'e 30 years old with motor skills?

Answer 41

You are at peak physical performance.

Question 42

What happens between 30-70 years with motor skills?

Answer 42

25-30% decline in muscle mass, strength

Question 43

What happens when your'e 80 in regard to motor skills

Answer 43

Lose 50% of muscle mass

Question 44

What are 3 mechanisms for which motor skills improve?

Answer 44

1. physical development 2. neural development 3. practice

Question 45

What neuronal effects are occurring in neural development?

Answer 45

greater myelination of cerebellar neurons, lead to better balance and improved co ordination

Question 46

1. Are there sex differences in motor development? 2. What are these differences? 3. What has recent research revealed?

Answer 46

1. Yes but only minor 2. Boys tend to have greater muscle, more rough play. Girls greater balance, more quiet activities. 3. This has recently been linked to social role differences more than biological factors.

Question 47

What happens in children deprived of motor practise in the first 12-24 months?

Answer 47

They were delayed in sitting and walking

Question 48

What does the dynamic approach say about motor skill development?

Answer 48

That motor. behaviours are not inevitable physical milestones

Question 49

What do practising physical activities help develop? (3)

Answer 49

1. gross motor skills 2. fine motor skills 3. social skills

Question 50

Children who perceive themselves as having poor motor skills often experience what?

Answer 50

That they are rejected by peers.

Question 51

How much exercise does the government recommend?

Answer 51

1 hour of exercise per day

Question 52

What is the comparison with how much exercise the government recommends vs. what the school does?

Answer 52

The school only requires at least 2 hours of physical activity per week. Much less than the government recommends.