Week 3 - Perfusion, Therapeutic Communication, and Self-Management

Question 1

What is perfusion?

Answer 1

The passage of oxygenated capillary blood through body tissues.

Question 2

What two systems must function normally for adequate perfusion?

Answer 2

Respiratory and cardiac systems.

Question 3

What is cardiopulmonary circulation?

Answer 3

The combined function of the heart and lungs to oxygenate and circulate blood.

Question 4

What is systole?

Answer 4

The contraction phase of the cardiac cycle when blood is pumped out of the ventricles.

Question 5

What heart sound is heard during systole and why?

Answer 5

S1 (“lub”) due to the closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves.

Question 6

What is diastole?

Answer 6

The relaxation phase when the heart fills with blood.

Question 7

What heart sound is heard during diastole and why?

Answer 7

S2 (“dub”) due to the closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves.

Question 8

What is a murmur?

Answer 8

A blowing or whooshing sound caused by turbulent blood flow through an incompetent valve.

Question 9

What causes a murmur?

Answer 9

Valve issues like mitral valve prolapse or regurgitation.

Question 10

What is cardiac output (CO)?

Answer 10

The volume of blood the left ventricle pumps per minute (4–6 L/min in adults).

Question 11

What is the formula for cardiac output?

Answer 11

CO = Heart Rate (HR) × Stroke Volume (SV)

Question 12

What is stroke volume?

Answer 12

The amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle with each contraction.

Question 13

What is the sinoatrial (SA) node?

Answer 13

The heart’s natural pacemaker, initiating electrical impulses.

Question 14

Describe the pathway of cardiac conduction.

Answer 14

SA node → AV node → Bundle of His → Bundle branches → Purkinje fibers.

Question 15

What is normal sinus rhythm?

Answer 15

The regular, coordinated electrical activity of the heart needed for optimal function.

Question 16

Name one electrical disturbance of the heart.

Answer 16

Bradycardia, tachycardia, or arrhythmias (e.g., atrial fibrillation).

Question 17

What are the two types of heart failure?

Answer 17

Left-sided and right-sided heart failure.

Question 18

What is coronary artery disease (CAD)?

Answer 18

Narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries, often leading to myocardial infarction.

Question 19

What is peripheral vascular disease (PVD)?

Answer 19

A circulation disorder that affects blood vessels outside of the heart and brain.

Question 20

What are modifiable risk factors for heart disease?

Answer 20

Diet, exercise, smoking, stress, environment, weight, HTN, diabetes.

Question 21

What are non-modifiable risk factors for heart disease?

Answer 21

Age, gender, race/ethnicity, family history, congenital defects.

Question 22

What pulses are commonly palpated in a cardiac assessment?

Answer 22

Radial, brachial, popliteal, dorsalis pedis, posterior tibial.

Question 23

What does auscultation of the heart assess?

Answer 23

Heart sounds over the aortic, pulmonic, tricuspid, and mitral areas.

Question 24

What is one wellness strategy to promote heart health?

Answer 24

Eat Smart: adopt a heart-healthy diet like the Mediterranean diet.

Question 25

Name another wellness strategy.

Answer 25

Move More: increase physical activity and avoid sedentary behaviors.

Question 26

Name a third wellness strategy.

Answer 26

Be Well: focus on stress management, sleep, and social connections.

Question 27

How might poor perfusion present in a patient?

Answer 27

Cyanosis, weak pulses, cold extremities, fatigue, dizziness, chest pain.

Question 28

What are the basic elements of the communication process?

Answer 28

Sender, message, receiver, feedback, and noise.

Question 29

What is verbal communication?

Answer 29

Spoken words used to convey messages.

Question 30

What is non-verbal communication?

Answer 30

Body language such as eye contact, posture, and facial expressions.

Question 31

Define active listening.

Answer 31

Fully concentrating on what is being said rather than passively hearing it.

Question 32

What is the goal of therapeutic communication in nursing?

Answer 32

To build a professional, trusting, and empathetic relationship with clients.

Question 33

Give two therapeutic communication techniques.

Answer 33

Active listening and asking open-ended questions.

Question 34

What does restating involve in therapeutic communication?

Answer 34

Repeating or paraphrasing the client's message to confirm understanding.

Question 35

What is reflection in therapeutic communication?

Answer 35

Revealing the emotional aspect of the client’s message.

Question 36

What is motivational interviewing (MI)?

Answer 36

A technique that uses open-ended questions, affirmations, reflective listening, and summarizing.

Question 37

Name two common nontherapeutic communication techniques.

Answer 37

Giving false reassurance and interrupting.

Question 38

How can poor communication affect patient safety?

Answer 38

It may lead to misunderstandings, errors, and decreased patient satisfaction.

Question 39

What communication style is confident and respectful?

Answer 39

Assertive communication.

Question 40

Q: What are the four modes of communication?

Answer 40

Verbal, non-verbal, written, and electronic.

Question 41

How does culture influence communication?

Answer 41

It affects language, eye contact, gestures, and the interpretation of messages.

Question 42

What strategy should be used for patients with language barriers?

Answer 42

Use of a qualified medical interpreter.

Question 43

What organization developed CLAS standards?

Answer 43

The Office of Minority Health.

Question 44

What is feedback in communication?

Answer 44

The receiver’s response to the sender’s message, confirming understanding.

Question 45

Name one communication strategy to help with hearing impairment.

Answer 45

Speak clearly and at a slower pace.

Question 46

What theory supports therapeutic communication through kindness and dignity?

Answer 46

Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring.

Question 47

What is energetic communication?

Answer 47

The manner in which a person projects themselves, influencing message perception.

Question 48

Why is knowing your learning style important?

Answer 48

It helps develop effective study strategies tailored to your needs.

Question 49

What are the four VARK learning styles?

Answer 49

Visual, Auditory, Read/Write, and Kinesthetic.

Question 50

What study strategy is best for visual learners?

Answer 50

Using charts, diagrams, and highlighting notes.

Question 51

What strategy works well for auditory learners?

Answer 51

Reading aloud and discussing topics with others.

Question 52

What study method is good for read/write learners?

Answer 52

Making and reviewing notes, reading text, and using lists.

Question 53

What works best for kinesthetic learners?

Answer 53

Hands-on practice, demonstrations, and case studies.

Question 54

Name one general strategy for success in nursing school.

Answer 54

Stay organized and review materials regularly.

Question 55

What tool helps manage time and assignments?

Answer 55

A planner or calendar.

Question 56

What does meaningful reading involve?

Answer 56

Skimming, active reading, questioning, reflecting, and reviewing.

Question 57

How can you prepare effectively for exams?

Answer 57

Complete readings, use resources, and develop consistent study habits.