Week 8 - Mobility, ROM

Question 1

What does the musculoskeletal system do?

Answer 1

Creates body movements, maintains posture and alignment.

Question 2

What is the function of the nervous system in regulating movement?

Answer 2

It sends signals via neurotransmitters to muscles to initiate and coordinate movement.

Question 3

What are osteoblasts responsible for?

Answer 3

Promoting bone formation and remodeling.

Question 4

What are osteoclasts responsible for?

Answer 4

Resorbing bone tissue.

Question 5

What two nutrients are essential for bone maintenance?

Answer 5

Calcium and Vitamin D.

Question 6

What does proprioception refer to?

Answer 6

The body’s sense of position and movement in space.

Question 7

What are the three principles of proper body mechanics?

Answer 7

Body alignment, balance, and body movements.

Question 8

What is the correct way to lift an object using proper body mechanics?

Answer 8

Bend at the knees, keep the back straight, and avoid twisting the torso.

Question 9

What is ergonomics?

Answer 9

The study of body mechanics in relation to the work environment and equipment used.

Question 10

Define functional mobility.

Answer 10

A person’s ability to move around within their environment.

Question 11

What is disuse osteoporosis?

Answer 11

Loss of bone mass and strength due to inactivity.

Question 12

What is sarcopenia?

Answer 12

Loss of lean muscle mass and strength.

Question 13

What is a contracture?

Answer 13

Abnormal fixation of a joint due to muscle and connective tissue changes.

Question 14

What is foot drop?

Answer 14

A contracture resulting in the inability to dorsiflex the foot.

Question 15

Name a cardiovascular complication of immobility.

Answer 15

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT).

Question 16

Name a respiratory complication of immobility.

Answer 16

Decreased lung expansion and ineffective coughing.

Question 17

Name a gastrointestinal complication of immobility.

Answer 17

Constipation or impaction.

Question 18

Name a psychological effect of immobility.

Answer 18

Depression or social isolation.

Question 19

What is activity intolerance?

Answer 19

Insufficient physical or psychological energy to perform activities.

Question 20

What does the BMAT assess?

Answer 20

A patient’s ability to move, stand, and ambulate safely.

Question 21

When using a cane, which side should it be placed on?

Answer 21

The strong side.

Question 22

What is the purpose of a gait belt?

Answer 22

To provide stability and safety during ambulation.

Question 23

Which position promotes drainage of lower lung lobes and venous return

Answer 23

Trendelenburg.

Question 24

What is one purpose of repositioning a patient every 2 hours?

Answer 24

To prevent pressure injuries and support circulation.

Question 25

What is the Morse Fall Scale used for?

Answer 25

To assess a patient’s risk for falling.

Question 26

Name three interventions to prevent patient falls.

Answer 26

Use non-slip footwear, keep bed in the lowest position, and ensure call light is within reach.

Question 27

Why doesn't passive ROM prevent muscle atrophy or bone loss?

Answer 27

Because muscles aren't contracting and bones aren't bearing weight.

Question 28

What does active ROM help preserve?

Answer 28

Muscle strength, flexibility, and joint function.

Question 29

What is hyperextension?

Answer 29

Extending a joint beyond its normal range.

Question 30

What is pronation?

Answer 30

Turning the forearm or palm downward.

Question 31

What is supination?

Answer 31

Turning the forearm or palm upward.

Question 32

What is internal rotation?

Answer 32

Rotating a limb inward toward the body (e.g., touching the opposite shoulder).

Question 33

What is external rotation?

Answer 33

Rotating a limb outward away from the body.

Question 34

Define inversion.

Answer 34

Turning the sole of the foot inward.

Question 35

Define eversion.

Answer 35

Turning the sole of the foot outward.

Question 36

What is the first step in a musculoskeletal assessment?

Answer 36

Collecting a health history and subjective data.

Question 37

What kind of data is included in musculoskeletal history?

Answer 37

Chief complaint, past injuries, surgeries, family history, and risk factors.

Question 38

What are important inspection findings in musculoskeletal assessment?

Answer 38

Posture, symmetry, assistive devices, and visible abnormalities.

Question 39

What spinal curves are normal?

Answer 39

Cervical and lumbar are concave; thoracic and sacral are convex.

Question 40

What is kyphosis?

Answer 40

Excessive outward curvature of the thoracic spine.

Question 41

What is lordosis?

Answer 41

Excessive inward curvature of the lumbar spine.

Question 42

What is scoliosis?

Answer 42

Sideways curvature of the spine.

Question 43

What is genu varum?

Answer 43

Bow-legged appearance.

Question 44

What is genu valgum?

Answer 44

Knock-knees.

Question 45

What does a Romberg test assess?

Answer 45

Balance and proprioception.

Question 46

How is muscle strength graded at 5/5?

Answer 46

Full strength, able to overcome full resistance from the examiner.

Question 47

What are normal gait characteristics?

Answer 47

Smooth, coordinated movements with a 2–4 inch base of support and normal arm swing.

Question 48

What does crepitus during ROM suggest?

Answer 48

Clicking or crunching in the joint space, possibly indicating joint damage.

Question 49

What is appropriate documentation after a normal musculoskeletal assessment?

Answer 49

"Extremities atraumatic, no deformities, full ROM, 5/5 strength bilaterally, upright posture, steady gait."