Week 3 - The Elbow

Question 1

What type of joint is the Humeroradial Joint?

Answer 1

Plane synovial joint

Question 2

What type of joint is the Humeroulnar Joint?

Answer 2

Hinge synovial joint

Question 3

What type of joint is the Proximal Radioulnar Joint?

Answer 3

Pivot synovial joint

Question 4

What ligament provides stability to the elbow?

Answer 4

Annular ligament

Question 5

What does the Medial/Ulnar Collateral Ligament resist?

Answer 5

Valgus stress

Question 6

What are the bundles of the Medial/Ulnar Collateral Ligament?

Answer 6

• Anterior bundle
• Posterior bundle
• Transverse part

Question 7

What does the Lateral/Radial Collateral Ligament resist?

Answer 7

Varus stress

Question 8

What is a common cause of subluxation of the radial head?

Answer 8

Sudden longitudinal pull on forearm while pronated

Question 9

What symptoms indicate subluxation of the radial head?

Answer 9

• Arm held close to body
• Elbow pronated, slightly flexed
• Pain on supination
• NO swelling/bony tenderness

Question 10

How is subluxation of the radial head treated?

Answer 10

• Supination & flexion
• Hyperpronation

Question 11

What is the normal range of cubitus valgus?

Answer 11

5-15 degrees

Question 12

What does a positive Valgus Stress test indicate?

Answer 12

Pain or excessive laxity compared to contralateral side

Question 13

What condition is indicated by cubitus varus?

Answer 13

Gunstock deformity

Question 14

What causes Olecranon Bursitis?

Answer 14

• Sudden or prolonged pressure on olecranon
• Repetitive throwing
• Rheumatoid Arthritis
• Gout
• Infection

Question 15

What are the symptoms of Olecranon Bursitis?

Answer 15

• Tender swelling
• Extension unimpeded & relieves pain

Question 16

What is the primary innervation of the forearm muscles?

Answer 16

Median nerve

Question 17

Which muscles are innervated by the Ulnar nerve?

Answer 17

• Flexor carpi ulnaris
• Medial ½ of flexor digitorum profundus

Question 18

What is Medial Epicondylitis commonly known as?

Answer 18

Golfer’s elbow

Question 19

What is Lateral Epicondylitis commonly known as?

Answer 19

Tennis elbow

Question 20

What are the boundaries of the Cubital Fossa?

Answer 20

• Superior – imaginary line between epicondyles
• Medial – pronator teres
• Lateral – Brachioradialis
• Floor – brachialis
• Roof – bicipital aponeurosis

Question 21

What structures are contained within the Cubital Fossa?

Answer 21

• Biceps brachii tendon
• Brachial artery & veins
• Median nerve
• Median cubital vein

Question 22

Which veins are involved in blood drainage of the arm?

Answer 22

• Cephalic vein
• Basilic vein
• Medial cubital vein

Question 23

What are the superficial muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm?

Answer 23

• Brachioradialis
• Extensor carpi radialis longus
• Extensor carpi radialis brevis
• Extensor digitorium
• Extensor digiti minimi
• Extensor carpi ulnaris

Question 24

Which muscles are considered supinators of the forearm?

Answer 24

• Supinator
• Biceps brachii

Question 25

Which arteries provide blood supply to the forearm?

Answer 25

* Axillary artery * Brachial artery * Radial artery * Ulnar artery

Question 26

What is the role of the brachial artery branches?

Answer 26

Ensure perfusion in any elbow position

Question 27

What is the arm also known as?

Answer 27

Brachium

Question 28

What are the two fascial intermuscular septa in the arm attached to?

Answer 28

Medial and lateral supracondylar ridges of the humerus

Question 29

How is the upper arm divided?

Answer 29

Into anterior and posterior osseofascial compartments

Question 30

What are the muscles found in the anterior compartment of the arm?

Answer 30

* Biceps brachii * Coracobrachialis * Brachialis

Question 31

What is the motor nerve supply for the anterior compartment of the arm?

Answer 31

Musculocutaneous nerve

Question 32

What is the blood supply for the anterior compartment of the arm?

Answer 32

Brachial artery

Question 33

What structures pass through the anterior osseofascial compartment?

Answer 33

* Musculocutaneous nerve * Median nerve * Ulnar nerve * Brachial artery * Basilic vein * Radial nerve (lower part)

Question 34

What muscles are found in the posterior compartment of the arm?

Answer 34

Triceps brachii

Question 35

What is the motor nerve supply for the posterior compartment of the arm & forearm?

Answer 35

Radial nerve

Question 36

What is the blood supply for the posterior compartment of the forearm?

Answer 36

* Profunda brachii artery * Ulnar collateral arteries

Question 37

What structures pass through the posterior osseofascial compartment?

Answer 37

* Radial nerve * Ulnar nerve * Profunda brachii vessels

Question 38

What is the cubital fossa?

Answer 38

A triangular depression in the anterior aspect of the elbow

Question 39

What are the lateral and medial boundaries of the cubital fossa?

Answer 39

* Laterally: Brachioradialis muscle * Medially: Pronator teres muscle

Question 40

What forms the base of the cubital fossa triangle?

Answer 40

Imaginary line drawn between the two epicondyles of the humerus

Question 41

What muscles form the floor of the cubital fossa?

Answer 41

* Supinator muscle (laterally) * Brachialis muscle (medially)

Question 42

What forms the roof of the cubital fossa?

Answer 42

Skin and fascia, reinforced by the bicipital aponeurosis

Question 43

What structures are contained within the cubital fossa from medial to lateral?

Answer 43

* Median nerve * Bifurcation of the brachial artery into ulnar and radial arteries * Tendon of the biceps muscle * Radial nerve and its deep branch