week 4 Flashcards
(12 cards)
What is a sufficient condition in causation?
It guarantees the outcome.
According to Hume, what forms our idea of causation?
A mental habit formed by observing regular successions of events.
What does the INUS condition describe?
A part that is necessary within a larger set of conditions but insufficient on its own.
What example challenges the necessity of causes producing effects?
A match failing to light in strong wind.
What role does temporal priority play in causation?
Causes must occur before effects.
Which of the following challenges Hume’s idea of spatial contiguity?
Action at a distance, like quantum entanglement.
What does Hume’s regularity theory emphasize?
Causation is inferred from consistent sequences of events.
What philosophical idea does the ball on a cushion illustrate?
Simultaneous causation.
How does probabilistic causation differ from traditional views?
It shows that causes increase the likelihood of effects but don’t guarantee them.
What is an example of a non-causal regularity?
Barometer readings predicting storms.
What example challenges temporal priority in causation?
Simultaneous causation, like a ball pressing a cushion.
What do deep regularity theories emphasize?
Fundamental laws of nature that explain causal relationships.
