week 6 Flashcards
(10 cards)
What is the primary distinction between causal and reasoning constructions in language?
Causal constructions describe direct cause-and-effect relationships, while reasoning constructions infer conclusions from observations.
According to Masaru Kanetani, how does construction grammar explain causation and reasoning?
By examining how form and meaning units (constructions) reflect cognitive processes.
Which of the following sentences represents a reasoning construction?
“It must have rained because the streets are wet.”
Which conjunction is most commonly used in both causal and reasoning constructions?
Because
What is the key function of Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) in causal models?
They identify causal relationships using nodes and arrows.
What does the Do operator in interventionist theories allow researchers to do?
Simulate interventions within a causal model to analyze outcomes.
According to Wesley Salmon’s theory, what distinguishes a genuine causal process from a pseudo-process?
Causal processes involve continuous transmission of influence, while pseudo-processes do not.
Which of the following best illustrates a causal process according to Salmon’s theory?
A ball rolling after being hit by a bat.
What do mechanistic explanations of causation focus on?
The underlying systems and structures that produce causal effects.
Which of the following best illustrates an etiological mechanism?
Identifying how a genetic mutation led to a medical condition over generations.
