Week 4 Axial Skeleton

Question 1

Appendicular skeleton consists of what?

Answer 1

Bones from upper and lower limbs

Question 2

Description of verticals Column

Answer 2

Curved structure of 26 irregular bones

Question 3

Function of vertical column

Answer 3

Transmit weight to lower bones.
Surround and protect spinal cord.
Support head.

Question 4

List the number of vertebrae in every section.
Cervical vertebrae
Thoracic vertebrae
Lumbar vertebrae 
Sacrum 
Coccyx

Answer 4

7 vertebrae of the neck 
12 vertebrae of the thoracic vertebrae 
5 vertebrae of the lower back
5 vertebrae of sacrum
2-4 coccyx

Question 5

If a back is to concave or convex which vertebrae safe effected

Answer 5

Concave- Cervical and lumbar

Convex- Thoratic and sacral

Question 6

Axial skeleton involves which bones?

Answer 6

Skull Bones

Question 7

3 Abnormal curvatures of the spine

Answer 7

Scholiosis - Left right lean
Lordosis - Forward Lean
Kyphosis - Backward lean

Question 8

2 Type of cushion like pads are

Answer 8

Nucleus pulposus - Inner gelatinous nucleus that gives the disc its elasticity and compressibility
Anulus fibrosus - Outer collar composed of collagen and fibrocartilage

Question 9

4 parts that make up the general structure of the vertebrae

Answer 9

Body or centrum - Anterior weight-bearing region
Vertebral arch - Composed of pedicles and laminae that, along with centrum, enclose vertebral foramen
Vertebral foramina -Together make up vertebral canal for spinal
Intervertebral foramina - Lateral openings between adjacent vertebrae for spinal nerves

Question 10

Atlas C1 characteristics (3)

Answer 10

No body or spinous process
Consists of anterior and posterior arches, and two lateral masses
Superior surfaces of lateral masses articulate with the occipital condyles

Question 11

Axis C2 characteristics (2)

Answer 11

Dens projects superiorly into the anterior arch of the atlas

Form a pivot joint known as the atlanto-axis joint

Question 12

Thoratic vertebrea characteristics (4)

Answer 12

• T1 to T12
• All articulate with ribs at facets and demifacets
• Long spinous process
• Location of articular facets allows rotation of this area of spine

Question 13

Lumbar vertebrea characteristics (4)

Answer 13

• L1 to L5
• Short, thick pedicles and laminae
• Flat hatchet-shaped spinous processes
• Orientation of articular facets locks lumbar vertebrae together so as to prevent rotation

Question 14

Characteristics of sacrum (2)

Answer 14

Consists of 5 fused vertebrae (S1–S5)

Forms posterior wall of pelvis

Question 15

Characteristics of coccyx (2)

Answer 15

Tailbone

3–5 fused vertebrae

Question 16

The thoratic cage is formed by what 4 things?

Answer 16

Sternum
Ribs
Costal cartilages
Thoracic vertebrae

Question 17

0Function of the theoretic cage is what? (3)

Answer 17

Enclose and protect the organs in the thoracic and abdominal cavities
Provide support for the bones of the upper limbs
Play a role in breathing

Question 18

Rib pairs 1-7 are…

Answer 18

True ribs

Attach directly to the sternum by individual costal cartilages

Question 19

Rib pairs 8-12 are…

Answer 19

False ribs

Pairs 11–12 also called vertebral (floating) ribs

Question 20

The sternum consists of what three fused bones?

Answer 20

Manubrium, Body, Xiphoid process

Question 21

The structure of a rib consists of what 4 things?

Answer 21

Head of the rib
Neck
Tubercle
Shaft

Question 22

What is the total number of skull bones and what two categories are they in?

Answer 22

22 total.
Cranial bones- Eight cranial bones form the cranial cavity
Facial bones-Fourteen facial bones form the face

Question 23

5 Functions of the skull are

Answer 23

1. Framework of the face
2. They contain cavities for the special sense organs
3. Provide the main opening to the external environment (for food and air)
4. Secure the teeth
5. Anchor facial muscles to the face

Question 24

6 Type of cranial bones are…

Answer 24

Frontal bone
Parietal bones (2)
Occipital bone
Temporal bones (2)
Sphenoid bone
Ethmoid bone

Question 25

List the 4 sutures with location info

Answer 25

Coronal suture—between parietal bones and frontal bone
Sagittal suture—between right and left parietal bones
Lambdoid suture—between parietal bones and occipital bone
Squamous (squamosal) sutures—between parietal and temporal bones on each side of skull

Question 26

Early fusion of sutures is known as…

Answer 26

Craniosyostosis

Question 27

The 5 Facial bones are…

Answer 27

Nasal Bones -Form the bridge of the nose
Maxillae- Form the upper jawbone
Zygomatic Bones- commonly called cheekbones, form the prominences of the cheeks
Mandible- Lower jawbone
Nasal Septum- Divides the interior of the nasal cavity into right and left sides