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EBP > Week 4 quiz > Flashcards

Week 4 quiz Flashcards

1
Q

hierarchy of evidence

A

seven level scale used to rate the strength of evidence

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2
Q

level 1

A

considered the highest quality of evidence, summarizes more than one study

-includes summaries, synopses, meta-analyses, randomized control, clinical practice guidelines

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3
Q

summaries

A

best practice recommendations based on appraisal of information about a particular practice in question

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4
Q

synopses

A

brief description of evidence that provide an overview of key points of evidence from multiple sources

**different than abstract because it looks at multiple studies

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5
Q

meta-analysis

A

estimates effectiveness of intervention based on statistical methods to analyze data from published and unpublished studies

** “study about studies”

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6
Q

systematic review

A

systematic synthesis of research findings from experimental and quasi-experimental studies about a clinical problem

**can only used published studies here

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7
Q

quasi experimental

A

studies that evaluate interventions but do not use a randomized sample

**manipulate the IV but lack random assessment to experimental and comparison groups

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8
Q

clinical practice guidelines

A

include recommendations intended to optimize patient care that are informed by a systematic review of evidence / assessment of benefits and harms

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9
Q

level 2

A

only includes randomized control trials

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10
Q

randomized controlled trials

A

typically involve large samples and are sometimes conducted at multiple sites

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11
Q

level 3

A

only includes quasi-experimental design

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12
Q

level 4

A

includes correlational designs, cohort studies, case control studies, mixed method designs

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13
Q

correlational design

A

nonexperimental design used to study relationships among two or more variables

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14
Q

cohort study

A

epidemiological design in which participants are being selected based on their exposure to a particular factor

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15
Q

case control studies

A

participants are grouped on the presence / absence of a particular disease and then compared

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16
Q

mixed method design

A

combines qualitative and quantitative data gathering

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17
Q

level 5

A

includes integrative review and metasynthesis

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18
Q

integrative review

A

scholarly papers that have been published that include nonexperimental studies to answer clinical questions

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19
Q

metasynthesis

A

systematic review of qualitative studies

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20
Q

level 6

A

includes single descriptive study, single qualitative study, qualitative findings from mixed method designs, EBP project, QI project, case study series, case studies, concept analysis

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21
Q

descriptive research

A

nonexperimental study that involves asking questions to a sample of individuals who represent a group

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22
Q

qualitative research

A

research that uses words to describe human behaviors

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23
Q

quantitative research

A

research that uses numbers to obtain precise measurements

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24
Q

EBP project

A

endeavor to change practice based on best evidence in clinical setting

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25
Q

quality improvement projects

A

structured, continuous, activities designed to systematically improve ways care is delivered to patients

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26
Q

case series studies

A

report used to describe rare diseases or outcomes

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27
Q

case study

A

description about a single or novel event of interest

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28
Q

concept analysis

A

process that explores attributes and characteristics of a concept

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29
Q

level 7

A

lowest level of hierarchy , includes narrative reviews and opinion of authorities

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30
Q

narrative reviews

A

papers based on common / uncommon elements of work without concern for research methods, design, or setting

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31
Q

participants

A

individuals in qualitative study

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32
Q

informants

A

individuals in qualitative study

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33
Q

purposive sampling

A

sampling method to recruit specific persons who could provide inside information

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34
Q

key informants

A

individuals who have intimate knowledge of a subject and are willing to share it

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35
Q

snowball sampling

A

recruitment of participants based on word of mouth or referrals from other participants

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36
Q

data saturation

A

time when no new information is being obtained and repetition of information is consistent

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37
Q

sources of qualitative data

A

indepth interview
direct observation
artifacts (written documents / photographs / objects)

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38
Q

fieldwork

A

time researchers spend interacting with participants

39
Q

participant observation

A

role of researcher in qualitative methods when researcher is not only an observer but also a participant in data collection

40
Q

memoing

A

used to record ideas that come to researchers as they live with data

41
Q

bracketing

A

used to set aside their personal interpretation and avoid bias

42
Q

data reduction

A

simplify large amounts of data obtained from interviews and other sources

43
Q

credibility

A

refers to the truth or believability of findings

44
Q

four elements of evaluation

A

credibility
transferability
dependability
confirmability

45
Q

transferability

A

relates to whether findings from one study can be transferred to a similar context

46
Q

dependabilty

A

relates to consistency in finding over time

47
Q

confirmability

A

relates to rigorous attempts to be objective and the maintenance of audit trails to document the research process

48
Q

credibility strategies

A

persistent observation
peer debriefing
referential adequacy
member checks

49
Q

persistent observation

A

researcher has spent a good deal of quality time with participants while attempting to describe the essence of phenomenon

50
Q

peer debriefing

A

researcher enlists the help of another person who is a peer to discuss the data and findings

51
Q

referential adequacy

A

multiple sources of data are compared and the new findings hold true

52
Q

member checks

A

researcher goes back to participants and shares with them the findings to reflect what participant said

53
Q

audit trail

A

documentation that includes field notes, methods log, reflective journal to detail a researcher’s decision making

54
Q

4 major types of qualitative research

A

phenomenology
grounded theory
ethnography
historical

55
Q

phenomenology

A

describes the lived experience to achieve understanding of an experience from the perspective of the participant

56
Q

lived experience

A

perspective of an individual who has experienced the phenomenon

57
Q

case studies

A

description of single novel / event

58
Q

constant comparison

A

method for inductively categorizing and comparing qualitative data for analysis

59
Q

focused ethnography

A

less broad than traditional ethnography, examines specific problems within subcultures and among smaller groups of people

60
Q

meta-ethnography

A

interpretive review of qualitative studies from literature search that is purposive rather than systematic

61
Q

ethnoscience

A

method used in anthropology to discover knowledge

62
Q

ethnonursing

A

systematic study and classification of nursing care / beliefs / values and practice

63
Q

gatekeeper

A

person who hinders entry of researcher into a particular group or setting

64
Q

emic

A

insider’s or participant’s perspective

65
Q

etic

A

outsider’s perspective

66
Q

strategic sampling

A

sampling in historical research to locate a small group of people who were either witnesses or participants in phenomenon being studied

67
Q

key informants

A

individuals who have intimate knowledge of a subject and are willing to share it with the researcher

68
Q

covert observation

A

when individuals are unaware they are being observed

69
Q

interviews

A

conversations for collecting data, where questions are asked to elicit information

70
Q

focus groups

A

strategy to obtain data from a small group of people using interview questions

71
Q

storytelling

A

researchers and participants tell their stories about the phenomenon of interest

72
Q

qualitative data analysis

A

production of knowledge that results from analysis of words

73
Q

open coding

A

grouping of qualitative data into categories that seem logical

74
Q

axial coding

A

analysis of categories and labels after completion of open coding

75
Q

qualitative research synthesis

A

way to synthesize many qualitative research studies to draw broader themes

76
Q

computer assisted qualitative data analysis software

A

computer software that assists in management, coding, grouping, analysis of data

77
Q

representativeness

A

degree to which elements of samples are like elements in population

78
Q

replicated

A

when another researcher has findings similar to previous study

79
Q

realistic tales

A

real life account of culture being studied presented in a third party voice that separates researcher from participant

80
Q

confessionist tales

A

researcher’s personal accounts that provide insight about data collection and scientific rigor

81
Q

impressionist tales

A

researcher’s storytelling and person descriptions about experiences of conducting studies

82
Q

personal narratives

A

way of conveying the meaning of experiences through storytelling

83
Q

trustworthiness

A

quality, authenticity and truthfulness of findings

84
Q

transferability

A

relates to whether findings from the study can be transferred to similar context

85
Q

dependability

A

relates to consistency of findings overtime

86
Q

confirmabiillty

A

relates to rigorous attempts to be objective and the maintenance of audit trials to document to research process

87
Q

auditability

A

another researcher can clearly follow decisions made by the investigator

88
Q

peer debriefing

A

researcher enlists the help of another person to discuss the data and findings

89
Q

member checks

A

researcher goes back to participants and shares results with them to ensure findings reflect what they said

90
Q

negative case analysis

A

involves the analysis of cases that do not fit patterns or categories

91
Q

triangulation

A

use of different research methods in research to gather / compare data

92
Q

reflexivity

A

using journal to record thoughts, ideas, and decisions during data gathering

93
Q

reflexive thinking

A

involves self critique, self appraisal, constant awareness of bias throughout research

EBP (6 decks)

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