Week 5: Ch. 20- Neoplasms Flashcards
________ is part of the cell cycle- it is how the cell divides and reproduces itself. It requires a genetic component.
Mitosis
___________ is programmed cell death controlled by genetic elements
Apoptosis
ex) RBC- 120 days
Neoplasm is another word for:
tumor
neo = new
plasm = growth
A ___________ no longer responds to normal genetic controls
neoplasm/tumor
[continues to reproduce, without the need for it to]
A neoplasm/tumor may become greedy and
deprive other cells of nutrition
may create its own blood supply
Characteristics of each tumor depends on:
type of cell from which tumor arises
unique structure/ growth pattern
Benign tumors usually have the suffix :
-Oma
ex) adenoma
Malignant tumors usually have the suffix :
-Carcinoma
ex) adenocarcinoma
Tumors of connective tissues are usually termed:
Sarcomas
~often malignant
Several malignant tumors have unique names, such as:
Hodkin’s disease
Wilms’ tumor
Leukemia
Benign VS malignant tumors:
Benign
~differentiated cells/ normal cells
~Slower growth
~Encapsulated
~local spread only
Malignant
~undifferentiated, varying nonfunctional cells
~rapid reproduction
~No capsule
~infiltrate into surrounding tissue; spread to distant sites
~often systemic effects; usually become life threatening
Local effects of tumors
~Pain (usually later stage)
~Obstruction (tumor compresses duct/passageway)
~tissue necrosis/ ulceration
Systemic effects of tumors
~Weight loss/ cachexia
~Anemia
~Severe fatigue
~effusion (inflammation>fluid build up)
~Infections
~Bleeding
~Paraneoplastic syndrome [affect neurological function or hormonal effects due to enzymes excreted from tumor]
Diagnostic tests for cancer:
Routine screening
Self-examination
Blood tests
Radiographic, ultrasound, MRI, CT
Biopsies/cytology
Invasion VS metastasis of malignant tumors
Invasion
~local spread
~tumor cells grow into adjacent tissues
Metastasis
~spread to distant sites
~Via blood, lymph, or other body fluids
Staging cancer, means?
TMN system:
how far away has the cancer spread
TMN system
T- size of primary tumor
M- spread (metastasis) of tumor
N- involvement of regional lymph nodes
Cell-mediated immunity recognizes some tumor cells and:
destroys them
4 cancer treatments include:
surgery
chemotherapy
immunotherapy
radiation
Or a combination^
Adverse effects of radiation include:
Bone marrow depression
epithelial cell damage
infertility
Fatigue> depression
Adverse effects of chemotherapy include:
Bone marrow depression
nausea
epithelial cell damage
damage to specific areas
______________ inhibitors inhibit the stimulus for growth of blood vessels
Angiogenesis
Why are cancer patients often malnourished?
change in taste sensation
anorexia
vomiting/diarrhea from treatments
sore mouth/ tooth loss
pain/ fatigue
Malabsorption due to inflammation in GI
__________ cancers arise from epithelial tissue
Carcinoma
___________ cancers arise from connective tissue
Sarcoma
