Week 5 - Intelligence

Question 1

Fluid intelligence

Answer 1

problem solving
logical reasoning
pattern recognition

Question 2

crystallized intelligence

Answer 2

knowledge and facts

Question 3

Intelligence as a single trait

Answer 3

some researchers argue that intelligence is a general cognitive ability (referred to as ‘g’ for general intelligence that underlies all intellectual tasks.

Question 4

intelligence as a few basic abilities

Answer 4

others suggest that intelligence consists of distinct yet correlated abilities such as fluid intelligence and crystallized intelligence

Question 5

intellect is composed of seven primary mental abilities

Answer 5

1. word fluency
2. verbal meaning
3. reasoning
4. spatial visualization
5. numbering
6. rote memory
7. perceptual speed

Question 6

word fluency

Answer 6

The ability to quickly generate words (e.g., writing, speaking).

Question 7

verbal meaning

Answer 7

Understanding and defining words.

Question 8

reasoning

Answer 8

Logical thinking and problem-solving.

Question 9

spatial visualization

Answer 9

Understanding spatial relationships and mental rotation.

Question 10

numbering

Answer 10

Mathematical ability and numerical reasoning.

Question 11

rote memory

Answer 11

Ability to recall information from memory.

Question 12

perceptual speed

Answer 12

Quickly recognizing patterns and details.

Question 13

trade off between viewing intelligence as composed of seven primary mental abilities as opposed to crystallized and fluid intelligence is

Answer 13

simplicity vs precision

Question 14

John Carroll’s Three-Stratum Theory of Intelligence,

Answer 14

attempt to integrate different perspectives on intelligence by organizing cognitive abilities into three levels

Question 15

Stratum III (Top Level):

Answer 15

A single general intelligence factor (g) governs all cognitive abilities

Question 16

Stratum II (Middle Level):

Answer 16

Broad abilities that group different cognitive skills.

Question 17

Stratum I (Bottom Level):

Answer 17

Specific cognitive processes under each broad ability. For example, under fluid intelligence, there might be skills like pattern recognition and logical reasoning.

Question 18

how does Carroll’s model successfully blends different views of intelligence

Answer 18

1. acknowledges a general intelligence factor (g) at the top (like Spearman).
2. identifies broad abilities (similar to Cattell’s fluid and crystallized intelligence).
3. incorporates specific processes (like Thurstone’s primary mental abilities).

Question 19

The Wechsler Intelligence Scales

Answer 19

Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC):

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS):

Question 20

Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC):

Answer 20

Designed for children aged 6 and older.
Evaluates general intelligence and specific cognitive abilities.

Question 21

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS):

Answer 21

Used for individuals 16 years and older.

Measures verbal comprehension, working memory, processing speed, and perceptual reasoning.

Question 22

normal distribution of IQ

Answer 22

norm (way to compare IQ scores, representative of whole population)

Question 23

Education and Income:

Answer 23

Education is a significant predictor of income, with higher educational attainment generally correlating with higher earnings.

*important factor, it doesn’t tell the whole story of a person’s life success, which can depend on various other factors.

Question 24

IQ and Income:

Answer 24

Higher IQ scores tend to correlate with higher income, especially among individuals with the same level of education.

Question 25

Other Predictors of Success:

Answer 25

self discipline practical intelligence

Question 26

self discipline

Answer 26

emotional regulation self control

Question 27

practical intelligence

Answer 27

reading others intentions motivating others to work efficiently in teams

Question 28

what are IQ tests biased by

Answer 28

motivation ie, give money or candy to someone

Question 29

biases on IQ

Answer 29

mood nutrition competition

Question 30

dynamic testing

Answer 30

aims to measure a child's learning potential test, intervention (ie, instruction & feedback), re-test *allows you to measure learning overtime

Question 31

Bronfenbrenner's Bioecological Model

Answer 31

Multiple levels of influence on human development –including intelligence: *Child *Immediate environment *Society

Question 32

different types of genotype environment interactions

Answer 32

passive effects evocative effects active effects

Question 33

passive effects

Answer 33

influences due to the genetic overlap between parent and child ie, if parent reads, there will be books around

Question 34

evocative effects

Answer 34

*reacting influences that the child has on the environment ie, child + reacting to dad reading will encourage more reading even if dad is not avid reader

Question 35

active effects

Answer 35

influences due to the child's choices ie, reading more

Question 36

how does family environment influence IQ score

Answer 36

child grows up in high quality family, tend to have higher IQ score

Question 37

correlation between HOME scores and IQ in adoptive families

Answer 37

often lower, suggesting that both the quality of the family environment and parental IQ play a role in determining the child's IQ

Question 38

flynn effect : possible causes of increasing IQ

Answer 38

improved nutrition, better healthy, higher quality education, education is becoming more accessible greater emphasis on abstract problem solving in education

Question 39

what type of intelligence does flynn effect affect

Answer 39

fluid intelligence (environmental change) more than crystallized intelligence.

Question 40

IQ scores and race

Answer 40

Average IQ scores between different racial and ethnic groups do differ -language biases -different goals & cultures -discrimination -more variability within racial groups than between

Question 41

spearmen theory state:

Answer 41

we all possess a certain amount of g higher g = better performance

Question 42

measuring fluid intelligence

Answer 42

raven's matrices working memory (recall)

Question 43

is there an intelligence gene?

Answer 43

no, thousands of genes providing small interactions to contribute to intelligence

Question 44

gardner multiple intelligenses

Answer 44

naturalist spatial linguists intra personal interpersonal logical mathematical bodily kinesthetics musical

Question 45

gardner theory of multiple intelligences

Answer 45

suggests that intelligence is not a single, unified ability but rather a collection of different types of intelligences that people can excel in.

Question 46

mutualism

Answer 46

intelligence has a network ie, reasoning interact with vocabulary and arithmetic ie, like an ecosystem

Question 47

development of reading stage 0

Answer 47

learning the alphabet and gaining phonemic awareness

Question 48

development of reading stage 1

Answer 48

acquiring phonological recoding skills

Question 49

development of reading stage 2

Answer 49

reading simple material

Question 50

development of reading stage 3

Answer 50

extracting info by reading

Question 51

development of reading stage

Answer 51

understanding different perspective

Question 52

strategy choice process

Answer 52

kids use to choose between two strategies 1. visually based retrieval 2. phonological recoding

Question 53

visually based retrieval

Answer 53

visual word - meaning

Question 54

phonological recoding

Answer 54

visual word - verbal word - meaning

Question 55

comprehension

Answer 55

to understand reading material, one must form a mental model

Question 56

comprehension monitoring

Answer 56

metacognitive skill that differentiates good from poor readers at all ages