Week 5: Intro to Sensory System & Hearing

Question 1

Specialized peripheral cells that convert physical energy into bioelectrical signals

Answer 1

SENSORY RECEPTOR CELLS

Question 2

Electrical signal generated by a receptor cell upon stimulation

Answer 2

RECEPTOR POTENTIAL (RP)

Question 3

Electrical signal generated in sensory nerve endings acting as receptors

Answer 3

GENERATOR POTENTIAL (GP)

Question 4

Region of receptor surface that can influence a neuron’s response

Answer 4

RECEPTIVE FIELD

Question 5

Nerve endings or cells that detect pain, temperature, touch, etc., and transmit to CNS

Answer 5

AFFERENT SENSORY FIBRES

Question 6

System where receptor is a nerve ending that directly transmits to CNS

Answer 6

TYPE 1 SENSORY SYSTEM

Question 7

System where specialized receptor cell synapses directly onto afferent neuron

Answer 7

TYPE 2 SENSORY SYSTEM

Question 8

System where receptor cell synapses with an intermediate cell before afferent neuron

Answer 8

TYPE 3 SENSORY SYSTEM

Question 9

Change in RP/GP size despite continued stimulus; allows sensitivity resetting

Answer 9

ADAPTATION

Question 10

Receptors that code strength and duration of a stimulus and adapt slowly

Answer 10

SLOW ADAPTING RECEPTORS

Question 11

Receptors that code rate of change in a stimulus and adapt quickly

Answer 11

RAPID ADAPTING RECEPTORS

Question 12

More neurons and smaller RFs in areas needing detailed discrimination

Answer 12

SOMATOTOPY MAP DISTORTION

Question 13

Region of sensory cortex receiving proprioception from muscles and joints

Answer 13

AREA 3A

Question 14

Region of sensory cortex receiving fine touch and pressure inputs

Answer 14

AREA 3B

Question 15

Receptors sensitive to stretch and located in skeletal muscles

Answer 15

MUSCLE SPINDLES

Question 16

Receptors located in tendons that monitor tension to prevent damage

Answer 16

GOLGI TENDON ORGANS

Question 17

Free nerve endings that detect temperature changes via TRP channels

Answer 17

THERMORECEPTORS

Question 18

TRP channel responding to cold and menthol, causing depolarization

Answer 18

TRPM8

Question 19

TRP channels responding to heat and capsaicin, initiating pain responses

Answer 19

TRPV1, TRPV2

Question 20

Pain receptors classified by sensitivity to mechanical, thermal, or chemical stimuli

Answer 20

NOCICEPTORS

Question 21

Sensory neurons with large RFs, slow-conducting fibers, and low adaptation

Answer 21

C FIBRES

Question 22

Type of nociceptor sensitive to all harmful stimuli types

Answer 22

POLYMODAL NOCICEPTOR

Question 23

TRP channel activated by >43°C, acids, capsaicin, wasabi, and garlic compounds

Answer 23

TRPV1

Question 24

Receptors that respond only to harmful temperature levels

Answer 24

HEAT-SENSITIVE NOCICEPTORS

Question 25

Brain structure that maps body surface based on sensory input importance

Answer 25

HOMUNCULUS

Question 26

Pressure waves with frequency and amplitude characteristics

Answer 26

SOUND

Question 27

Part of ear that funnels sound to tympanic membrane

Answer 27

OUTER EAR (PINNA)

Question 28

Structure in middle ear that amplifies sound via ossicles

Answer 28

TYMPANIC MEMBRANE

Question 29

Bones that transmit vibration from eardrum to oval window

Answer 29

OSSICLES (MALLEUS, INCUS, STAPES)

Question 30

Muscles that reduce ossicle movement to protect from loud sounds

Answer 30

TENSOR TYMPANI AND STAPEDIUS

Question 31

Inner ear structure where mechanical waves become neural signals

Answer 31

COCHLEA

Question 32

Fluid-filled structure with basilar membrane and Organ of Corti

Answer 32

SCALA MEDIA

Question 33

Auditory structure containing hair cells and tectorial membrane

Answer 33

ORGAN OF CORTI

Question 34

Auditory fluid with high K+ and low Na+, found in scala media

Answer 34

ENDOLYMPH

Question 35

Sensory cells with stereocilia that convert movement to depolarization

Answer 35

HAIR CELLS

Question 36

Ionic influx triggered by stereocilia bending, causing neurotransmitter release

Answer 36

POTASSIUM AND CALCIUM

Question 37

Reflex that stabilizes vision during head movement by moving eyes oppositely

Answer 37

VESTIBULO-OCULAR REFLEX (VOR)

Question 38

Organs that detect linear acceleration and head tilt using hair cells

Answer 38

OTOLITH ORGANS (SACCULE & UTRICLE)

Question 39

Structures detecting angular acceleration via fluid motion and hair cell deflection

Answer 39

SEMICIRCULAR CANALS

Question 40

Auditory hair cell channel proteins that respond to stereocilia deflection

Answer 40

MECHANOSENSITIVE CHANNELS (TIP-LINKED)

Question 41

Progressive pathway from sensory input to cortex: 1st, 2nd, 3rd order

Answer 41

SOMATOSENSORY NEURON ORDERS

Question 42

Pathway carrying fine touch, vibration, and proprioception via medulla

Answer 42

DORSAL COLUMN / MEDIAL LEMNISCUS PATHWAY

Question 43

Pathway carrying pain and temperature, crossing in spinal cord

Answer 43

SPINOTHALAMIC TRACT

Question 44

Thalamic nuclei receiving discriminative somatosensory info

Answer 44

VENTRAL POSTERIOR NUCLEI (VP)

Question 45

Thalamic nuclei receiving pain and temperature info

Answer 45

INTRALAMINAR AND VENTROMEDIAL NUCLEI

Question 46

Map reflecting RF density and size, distorted by body region importance

Answer 46

SOMATOTOPIC MAP