Week 7: Chemical Senses of Taste & Smell

Question 1

Sensory system where receptor cells transmit signals to neurons

Answer 1

TYPE 2 SENSORY SYSTEM (GUSTATION)

Question 2

Sensory system where the neuron itself detects the stimulus

Answer 2

TYPE 1 SENSORY SYSTEM (OLFACTION)

Question 3

Receptor cells in tongue papillae that transduce chemical taste stimuli

Answer 3

TASTE CELLS

Question 4

Types of papillae where taste buds are located

Answer 4

CIRCUMVALLATE, FOLIATE, FUNGIFORM

Question 5

Openings at the top of taste buds where tastants interact with microvilli

Answer 5

TASTE PORES

Question 6

Specialized receptor structures embedded in taste buds and replaced every \~10 days

Answer 6

TASTE CELLS

Question 7

Electrical signal generated when chemical binds taste receptor and depolarizes the cell

Answer 7

RECEPTOR POTENTIAL

Question 8

Ion causing direct depolarization of taste cells for salt perception

Answer 8

SODIUM (Na⁺)

Question 9

Ion that blocks K+ channels, leading to depolarization in sour taste

Answer 9

HYDROGEN IONS (H⁺)

Question 10

G protein-coupled taste transduction for sweet involving cAMP production

Answer 10

SWEET TASTE TRANSDUCTION

Question 11

G protein-coupled taste transduction for bitter involving IP3 and Ca²⁺ release

Answer 11

BITTER TASTE TRANSDUCTION

Question 12

Neurotransmitter release from taste cells after depolarization and Ca²⁺ entry

Answer 12

CHEMICAL SYNAPTIC SIGNALING TO AFFERENT NEURONS

Question 13

Each taste cell responds to multiple tastants; brain interprets pattern of activity

Answer 13

POPULATION CODING OF TASTE

Question 14

Location of olfactory receptor neurons

Answer 14

OLFACTORY MUCOSA (ROOF OF NASAL CAVITY)

Question 15

Cells in the olfactory epithelium that maintain ion balance and support neurons

Answer 15

SUPPORTING CELLS

Question 16

Sensory cells with cilia that detect airborne odorants

Answer 16

OLFACTORY RECEPTOR NEURONS

Question 17

Olfactory transduction: G protein activates adenylate cyclase to make cAMP

Answer 17

ODORANT SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION

Question 18

Ion channels opened by cAMP in olfactory neurons

Answer 18

Na⁺ AND Ca²⁺ CHANNELS

Question 19

Electrical signal from cilia that triggers action potential at the soma

Answer 19

GENERATOR POTENTIAL

Question 20

Olfactory receptor neurons replaced periodically from these stem cells

Answer 20

BASAL CELLS

Question 21

Brain structure where olfactory receptor axons first synapse

Answer 21

OLFACTORY BULB

Question 22

Interaction that enhances taste discrimination by integrating olfactory input

Answer 22

SMELL-TASTE INTERACTION