Week 8: Somatic Periphery II & Intro to CNS

Question 1

Sensory signals that can be precisely localized and discriminated

Answer 1

DISCRIMINATIVE SOMATIC SENSATIONS

Question 2

Sensory signals that are diffuse and not easily localized

Answer 2

NON-DISCRIMINATIVE SOMATIC SENSATIONS

Question 3

Receptors that detect limb position, posture, and movement

Answer 3

PROPRIOCEPTORS

Question 4

Receptors found in skin and joints that detect pressure and vibration

Answer 4

RUFFINI ENDINGS AND PACINIAN CORPUSCLES

Question 5

Proprioceptors located within muscles and tendons

Answer 5

MUSCLE SPINDLES AND GOLGI TENDON ORGANS

Question 6

Receptors that detect muscle length and are sensitive to stretch

Answer 6

MUSCLE SPINDLES

Question 7

Type of fibers in muscle spindles that detect amount and rate of stretch

Answer 7

GROUP 1A AND GROUP II AFFERENTS

Question 8

Receptors located in tendons and detect muscle force and tension

Answer 8

GOLGI TENDON ORGANS

Question 9

Free nerve endings that respond to temperature changes via A-delta and C fibers

Answer 9

THERMORECEPTORS

Question 10

Bare nerve endings that detect damaging or potentially damaging stimuli

Answer 10

NOCICEPTORS

Question 11

Nociceptors that respond to mechanical, thermal, and chemical stimuli

Answer 11

POLYMODAL NOCICEPTORS

Question 12

Pain transmitted in two phases: fast sharp pain followed by slow dull pain

Answer 12

A-DELTA FIBRES AND C FIBRES

Question 13

Visceral receptors responsible for reflexes rather than conscious perception

Answer 13

AUTONOMIC SENSORY RECEPTORS

Question 14

Outer protective structures of the CNS

Answer 14

CRANIAL AND VERTEBRAL BONES

Question 15

Three-layered membrane system protecting the brain and spinal cord

Answer 15

MENINGES

Question 16

Fluid-filled spaces providing cushioning and chemical stability in the CNS

Answer 16

CEREBROSPINAL FLUID (CSF) SPACES

Question 17

Gray matter of the spinal cord composed primarily of neuron cell bodies

Answer 17

SPINAL GRAY MATTER

Question 18

White matter of the spinal cord consisting of myelinated axons and tracts

Answer 18

SPINAL WHITE MATTER

Question 19

31 pairs of nerves that carry input/output from/to body regions

Answer 19

SPINAL NERVES

Question 20

Spinal root that carries sensory input

Answer 20

DORSAL ROOT

Question 21

Spinal root that carries motor output

Answer 21

VENTRAL ROOT

Question 22

Regions of skin innervated by a single spinal nerve

Answer 22

DERMATOMES

Question 23

Regions of muscle innervated by a single spinal nerve

Answer 23

MYOTOMES

Question 24

12 paired nerves that arise directly from the brain

Answer 24

CRANIAL NERVES

Question 25

Cranial nerves involved solely in sensory functions (e.g., smell, vision, hearing)

Answer 25

CN I, II, VIII

Question 26

Cranial nerves involved in motor control of midline muscles

Answer 26

CN III, IV, VI, XI, XII

Question 27

Cranial nerves associated with the pharyngeal arches and mixed functions

Answer 27

CN V, VII, IX, X

Question 28

Primary sensory areas receiving direct input via subcortical connections

Answer 28

PRIMARY (1°) SENSORY AREAS

Question 29

Cortical areas involved in complex sensory integration and higher processing

Answer 29

ASSOCIATION AREAS

Question 30

Concept that different sensory modalities use separate, specific CNS pathways

Answer 30

LABELLED LINES PRINCIPLE

Question 31

Organized levels of control in the CNS from simple to complex

Answer 31

HIERARCHICAL ORGANIZATION

Question 32

Somatotopic maps that represent orderly input/output relationships

Answer 32

SENSORY AND MOTOR MAPS

Question 33

Nucleus receiving discriminative touch input from the upper body

Answer 33

CUNEATE NUCLEUS

Question 34

Nucleus receiving discriminative touch input from the lower body

Answer 34

GRACILE NUCLEUS

Question 35

Types of CNS connections: precise somatic, diffuse autonomic, and hormonal endocrine

Answer 35

THREE CNS CONTROL PATHWAYS

Question 36

Hormone-based output controlled or directly produced by CNS neurons

Answer 36

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM CONTROL

Question 37

Wide-reaching systems that modulate overall brain activity (e.g., mood, arousal)

Answer 37

DIFFUSE MODULATORY SYSTEMS