Week 9: Central Visual & Auditory Processing

Question 1

Retinal ganglion cells specialized for motion, have large receptive fields and fast conduction

Answer 1

M CELLS (MAGNOCELLULAR)

Question 2

Retinal ganglion cells specialized for color and fine detail, have small receptive fields

Answer 2

P CELLS (PARVOCELLULAR)

Question 3

Visual pathway from the eye to cortex: optic nerve → chiasm → tract → LGN → radiation → cortex

Answer 3

VISUAL PATHWAY

Question 4

Area in the retina where light excites ganglion cells based on color contrast

Answer 4

CENTER-SURROUND RECEPTIVE FIELD

Question 5

Map that preserves spatial arrangement from retina through LGN to V1

Answer 5

RETINOTOPIC MAP

Question 6

Visual field deficit caused by transection of the left optic nerve

Answer 6

BLINDNESS IN LEFT EYE

Question 7

Visual field deficit caused by transection of the left optic tract

Answer 7

RIGHT VISUAL FIELD LOSS (BOTH EYES)

Question 8

Location in LGN where contralateral eye inputs terminate

Answer 8

LAYERS 1, 4, 6

Question 9

Location in LGN where ipsilateral eye inputs terminate

Answer 9

LAYERS 2, 3, 5

Question 10

LGN layers receiving input from M cells

Answer 10

LAYERS 1, 2

Question 11

LGN layers receiving input from P cells

Answer 11

LAYERS 3–6

Question 12

Layer of V1 that receives direct input from LGN

Answer 12

LAYER 4

Question 13

V1 sublayer receiving M cell input

Answer 13

LAYER 4Cα

Question 14

V1 sublayer receiving P cell input

Answer 14

LAYER 4Cβ

Question 15

Visual cortex region specialized for color and form

Answer 15

V4

Question 16

Visual cortex region specialized for motion and depth

Answer 16

V5 (MT AREA)

Question 17

Ventral visual stream concerned with object identification

Answer 17

“WHAT” PATHWAY (TEMPORAL CORTEX)

Question 18

Dorsal visual stream concerned with motion and spatial localization

Answer 18

“WHERE” PATHWAY (PARIETAL CORTEX)

Question 19

V1 neurons responding to specific line orientations in receptive fields

Answer 19

SIMPLE CELLS

Question 20

V1 neurons responding to movement direction across receptive fields

Answer 20

COMPLEX CELLS

Question 21

CNS auditory pathway: cochlear nucleus → SOC → lateral lemniscus → inferior colliculus → MGN → auditory cortex

Answer 21

CENTRAL AUDITORY PATHWAY

Question 22

Primary cortical region receiving sound input

Answer 22

PRIMARY AUDITORY CORTEX

Question 23

Preserved frequency mapping throughout auditory structures

Answer 23

TONOTOPY

Question 24

Binaural cue used for localizing low-frequency sound direction (20–2000 Hz)

Answer 24

INTERAURAL TIME DIFFERENCE (ITD)

Question 25

Binaural cue used for localizing high-frequency sound direction (2000–20,000 Hz)

Answer 25

INTERAURAL INTENSITY DIFFERENCE (IID)

Question 26

Theory proposing ITD is used for low frequencies and IID for high

Answer 26

DUPLEX THEORY OF SOUND LOCALIZATION