Week 6

Question 1

What is the main function of the nervous system system?

Answer 1

To control and coordinate body activities by processing sensory input and initiating motor output

Question 2

What are the two main divisions of the nervous system?

Answer 2

Central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Question 3

What structures are part of the CNS?

Answer 3

Brain and spinal cord

Question 4

What is the main function of the CNS?

Answer 4

Acts as the integration and control centre

Question 5

What is the function of the PNS

Answer 5

Connects the CNS to limbs and organs via nerves

Question 6

What are the two main divisions of the PNS?

Answer 6

Sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent) divisions

Question 7

What does the sensory division do?

Answer 7

Transmits sensory input from the body to the CNS.

Question 8

What are somatic sensory fibres?

Answer 8

Fibres from skin, muscles and joints

Question 9

What are visceral sensory fibres?

Answer 9

Fibres from internal organs

Question 10

What does the motor division do?

Answer 10

Sends motor commands from the CNS to effectors.

Question 11

What is the somatic nervous system responsible for?

Answer 11

Voluntary control of skeletal muscles

Question 12

What is the autonomic nervous system responsible for?

Answer 12

Involuntary control of visceral functions

Question 13

What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 13

Sympathetic and parasympathetic.

Question 14

What is the role of the sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 14

Controls the ‘fight or flight’ response

Question 15

What is the role of the parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 15

Controls ‘rest and digest’ functions

Question 16

What is the function of the brain stem?

Answer 16

Controls automatic functions and relays information

Question 17

What does the thalamus do?

Answer 17

Relays sensory information to the brain

Question 18

What does the hypothalamus control?

Answer 18

Autonomic functions like hunger, thirst, temperature

Question 19

What is the limbic system responsible for?

Answer 19

Emotion and memory

Question 20

What does the cerebellum control?

Answer 20

Coordination and balance

Question 21

What does the frontal lobe control?

Answer 21

Voluntary movement, reasoning, emotions, speech production

Question 22

What does the parietal love process?

Answer 22

Somatosensory input and spatial awareness

Question 23

What does the temporal lobe control?

Answer 23

Hearing, memory, language comprehension

Question 24

What is the function of the occipital lobe?

Answer 24

Visual processing

Question 25

What are gyri and sulci?

Answer 25

Brain surface ridges and grooves that increase surface area.

Question 26

Where are motor areas located?

Answer 26

Frontal lobe

Question 27

What does the primary motor cortex do?

Answer 27

Controls voluntary muscle movements.

Question 28

What is the premotor cortex responsible for?

Answer 28

Storing learned motor skills

Question 29

What is Broca's area responsible for?

Answer 29

Speech production

Question 30

What is Wernicke's area responsible for?

Answer 30

Language comprehension

Question 31

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

Answer 31

31 pairs

Question 32

What is the function of the spinal cord?

Answer 32

Relays messages and mediates reflexes.

Question 33

What do dorsal roots contain?

Answer 33

Sensory neurons.

Question 34

What do ventral roots contain?

Answer 34

Motor neurons.

Question 35

What are the three horns of spinal grey matter?

Answer 35

Dorsal (sensory), ventral (motor), lateral (autonomic).

Question 36

What is decussation?

Answer 36

Crossing over of pathways from one side to the other.

Question 37

What is somatotopy?

Answer 37

Spatial organization of neurons reflecting body layout.

Question 38

What are the three types of sensory neurons in a pathway?

Answer 38

First-order, second-order, third-order.

Question 39

What is the dorsal column pathway responsible for?

Answer 39

Fine touch and proprioception.

Question 40

What is the corticospinal tract responsible for?

Answer 40

Voluntary control of body muscles.

Question 41

How many cranial nerves are there?

Answer 41

12 pairs.

Question 42

Where do the first two cranial nerves originate?

Answer 42

Cerebrum.

Question 43

Which nerve innervates most tongue muscles?

Answer 43

Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII).

Question 44

What is the function of the vagus nerve (CN X)?

Answer 44

Autonomic control of thoracic and abdominal organs.

Question 45

What type of functions do cranial nerves have?

Answer 45

Sensory, motor, or mixed.

Question 46

What is a reflex arc?

Answer 46

Neural pathway controlling an automatic response to a stimulus.

Question 47

What is the role of muscle spindles in a stretch reflex?

Answer 47

Detect muscle length changes.

Question 48

What nerve mediates the gag reflex’s sensory input?

Answer 48

Glossopharyngeal (CN IX).

Question 49

What type of receptor detects pain?

Answer 49

Nociceptors.