Week 6-8 Flashcards
(31 cards)
Why was Dewey critical of the “museum conception” of art?
Dewey believed that art is not something that is separate from the human experience. Art should not be put on a pedestal, it is something to be experienced.
How does Dewey describe “an experience”?
An experience is a consummation of events that becomes a bigger thing that has meaning (aka a consummatory experience).
ex. finishing a piece of work, eating a meal, solving a problem, playing a game
What are necessary conditions for art according to Dewey?
AESTHETIC quality, interaction between art and observer, the experience of our interaction with the work must be consummatory
Experience begins with ______ in response to __________
an impulsion in response to a needed change between the organism and its environment
(e.g. hungry because you need food)
Expression is an activity that comes about because ____________
of the transformation a raw impulsion into a meaningful activity
According to Kaufman, what makes a piece of art objectively good?
Every piece of art has a purpose, and it is good if it fulfills this purpose.
According to Chong, how are artistic judgments like scientific judgments?
Scientific studies often tend to have subjective elements creep into inquiry, like art. Even if art is partially a matter of taste, art critics are invested in practices that try to collectively “objectivize” judgment.
Correspondence theory of truth
Something is true if and only if it corresponds to a fact
How were Plato’s and Aristotle’s theories of knowledge similar?
They both agreed that a key element of knowledge is understanding something according to its essence
Scholasticism
Philosophy taught in medieval Europe having a strong emphasis on tradition and dogma.. studying the bible etc
Cartesianism
form of rationalism holding that scientific knowledge can be derived a priori from “innate ideas” through deductive reasoning
A priori
derived by reasoning from self-evident propositions (as opposed to a posteriori, reasoning from experiences and observations)
Rationalism
The idea that reason is the source of all knowledge. Only reason can justify our beliefs.
What is methodological skepticism?
Doubting all of your beliefs so you can scrutinize them.
What is foundationalism?
The idea that all knowledge rests on a foundation of basic beliefs (axioms)
Representational Theory of Perception
We do not directly perceive objects, but we perceive mental representations (we do not experience the thing in itself)
Empiricism
The idea that experience is the source of all knowledge.
Difference between a simple idea and complex idea?
A simple idea is one that cannot be broken down further. A complex idea is made up of simple ideas.
Which philosopher was skeptical of inductive reasoning, and why?
David Hume. We justify inductive reasoning because the past so often resembles the future, but this is assuming that inductive reasoning is true in order to prove its true. Such is circular logic.
Whats the most common way of attaining knowledge according to empiricism?
Induction
John Locke: For a concept to have meaning, it must _____________
It must either be a simple idea, or it must be generatable from simple ideas given to us in experience.
Coherence Theory of Truth
Something is true if it coheres with all other ideas.
Sketicism
The idea that we cannot have any knowledge of the world.
Why was Peirce in disagreement with Cartesian skepticism?
Peirce believed that it is not possible that we begin with complete doubt. We can pretend to be doubtful all we want, but we are not really doubtful of the world around us.
