Week 6 Notes

Question 0

What are some factors that can affect quality of test results?

Answer 0

Collection procedure: use correct needle size, fill tubes in correct order, store correctly
Labeling, handling and shipping
Patient variables
Equipment difficulties

Question 1

What are several uses of a clinical chemistry profile?

Answer 1

Screen for disease, assess pre-surgical risk, distinguish between DDX, assess severity of existing disease, monitor progression/response to therapy and identify patterns that suggest dysfunction

Question 2

What are some analytical factors that can affect tests?

Answer 2

Analyzer, other equipment, test methods and components, quality control, and operating and maintenance procedures

Question 3

How do we have QC and accurate results from chemistry analyzers?

Answer 3

Proper calibration, routine maintenance, running daily controls, blanking methods, monitor for deterioration of reagents, monitor condition of analyzer

Question 4

What are the sample types we use for chemistry panels?

Answer 4

Serum, heparinized whole blood, and heparinized plasma

Question 5

What are the functions of plasma proteins?

Answer 5

Structural component of cells, organs, and tissues, osmotic pressure, enzymes, buffers, hormones, clotting, defense, and transport molecules

Question 6

Total plasma proteins includes what?

Answer 6

All proteins and fibrinogen

Question 7

Total serum proteins includes what?

Answer 7

All proteins excluding clotting factors

Question 8

Protein concentrations are affected by?

Answer 8

Hepatic synthesis, altered protein breakdown or excretion, and dehydration or over hydration

Question 9

Albumin is what % of total protein?

Answer 9

35-50%

Question 10

What are the 2 different globulins and where do they come from?

Answer 10

Alpha- from the liver

Gamma- from antibodies

Question 11

How do you get globulin concentration?

Answer 11

TP - Albumin = concentration

Question 12

What is the first indication of protein abnormality?

Answer 12

Albumin to globulin ration A:G

Question 13

Fibrinogen is how much of TP?

Answer 13

3-6%

Question 14

What are some hepatobiliary assays we do?

Answer 14

ALT, AST, AP, bilirubin, cholesterol, sorbitol dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, and gamma glutamyltranspeptidase

Question 15

What are some renal assays we do?

Answer 15

BUN, serum creatinine, and BUN/ creatinine ratio

Question 16

What are some exocrine pancreatic assays we do?

Answer 16

Amylase, lipase, trypsin, serum TLI, and serum PLI

Question 17

What are some electrolyte assays we do?

Answer 17

Calcium, inorganic phosphorus, sodium, potassium, magnesium, chloride, and bicarbonate.

Question 18

What are 2 miscellaneous tests we might do?

Answer 18

Creatine kinase, and lactate

Question 19

What are some endocrine pancreatic assays we do?

Answer 19

Glucose, fructosamine, glycosylated hemoglobin, beta-hydroxy-butyrate, glucose tolerance, and insulin tolerance

Question 20

What are some adrenocortical function tests we do?

Answer 20

ACTH stimulation, dexmethasone suppression

Question 21

What are some thyroid assays we do?

Answer 21

T4 and cholesterol, TSH response, TRH response, T3 suppression,

Question 22

What are some pituitary function assays we do?

Answer 22

GH (growth hormone)

Question 23

What other test do you perform with AST?

Answer 23

ALT

Question 24

If your ALT and AST are high what assay do you perform and why?

Answer 24

CK to differentiate between wether it is the liver or skeletal muscle that has been damged.

Question 25

Bilirubin tests help to determine what?

Answer 25

Cause of jaundice, hepatocellular damage, bile ducts injury/ obstruction, or erythrocyte destruction

Question 26

Cholesterol can be used to screen for what?

Answer 26

Hypothyroidism, hyperadrenocorticism, diabetes mellitus, or nephrotic syndrome

Question 27

Concentration of AP can be used to detect what in dogs and cats?

Answer 27

Cholestasis

Question 28

What can cause a disproportionate increase in BUN?

Answer 28

Dehydration, dietary treatment failure, owner non-compliance with treatment

Question 29

How do we normally test for trypsin?

Answer 29

Fecal

Question 30

Calcium is inversely related to what?

Answer 30

Inorganic phosphorus

Question 31

You see an increase in potassium in what type of patients?

Answer 31

Hyperkalemic

Question 32

How much % of glucose do you loose every hour it goes untested?

Answer 32

10%

Question 33

Why would you do an ACTH test?

Answer 33

Suspected hypo- or hyperadrenocorticism

Question 34

A low-dose dexmethasone test confirms what?

Answer 34

Hyperadrenocorticism

Question 35

A high-dose dexmethasone tests differentiates what?

Answer 35

Pituitary from adrenal causes