Week 6 - Obstruction Flashcards
(40 cards)
what is intestinal obstruction
- any situation where there is an impaired movement of the intestinal contents
where does intestinal obstruction commonly occur in? where can it occur in?
- can occur in both large & small intestine
- most commonly in small tho
list 2 causes of intestinal obstruction
- mechanical
2. functional
what is mechanical obstruction of the intestine
- occurs when there is physical obstruction in the intestine
list 8 examples of mechanical obstruction
- tumor
- scar tissue
- adhesions from previous surgery
- diverticular disease
- inguinal hernia
- volvulus
- intussusception
- infarction
what is functional obstruction of the intestineq
-results from neuro impairment or failure of propulsion in the intestine
what is functional obstruction of the intestine often called
- paralytic ileus
list 8 examples of causes of functional obstruction
- peritonitis
- pancreatitis
- crohn’s disease
- ulcerative colitis
- electrolyte abnorm
- mesentric thrombus
- spinal cord injury
- sever medical illness
list 7 symptoms of intestinal obstruction
- borborygmi if mechanical obstruction
- absence of BS if functional
- pain
- distension
- vomiting
- hypovolemic shock
- ischemia/necrosis
describe how mechanical obstruction causes borborygmi
- mechanical obstruction results in audible rumbling sounds as the intestine attempt to push its contents forward
list 7 symptoms of intestinal obstruction
- borborygmi if mechanical obstruction
- absence of BS if functional
- pain
- distension
- vomiting
- decreased BP & hypovolemic shock
- ischemia/necrosis
what does ischemia and necrosis lead to in intestinal obstruction
- causes increased permeability = peritonitis
what does ischemia and necrosis lead to in intestinal obstruction? how?
- peritonitis
- prolonged ischemia causes increased permeability of the wall = intestinal bacteria to enter the blood & peritoneal cavity
what causes severe vomiting in intestinal obstruction? what can this lead to?
- from distension & pain
- can lead to electrolyte imbalance & dehydration
what causes hypovolemic shock in intestinal obstruction
- increased pressure on the wall causes fluid to shift into the intestine = 3rd spacing fluid shift
describe the onset of a small vs large intestinal obstruction
- small = rapid
- large = gradual
describe vomiting in small vs large intestinal obstruction
- small = frequent & copious
- large = late manifestation
describe pain in small vs large intestinal obstruction
- small = colicky, cramplike, intermittent (w peristaltic activity)
- large = low-grade, cramping, abdominal pain
describe bowel movement in small vs large intestinal obstruction
- small = feces for short time
- large = absolute constipation
describe abdominal distension in small vs large intestinal obstruction
- small = dependent on location of obstruction; minimal to greatly increased
- large = greatly increased
what are diverticula
- herniations of the mucosa and submucosa thru the muscularis layer of the colon wall
what part of the colon do diverticular commonly involve
- sigmoid colon
are more people asymptomatic or symptomatic with diverticular disease
- 80% asymptomatic except for constipation and/or diarrhea
occasionally, diverticula may become… (2)
- inflammed
- or bleed
