Week 7

Question 1

Articulation

Answer 1

Joint -
site where two or more bones meet

Question 2

Functions of Joints

Answer 2

Gives skeleton mobility
Holds skeleton together - stability

Question 3

Functional Classification of Joints

Answer 3

Synarthroses
Amphiarthroses
Diarthroses

Question 4

Structural Classification of joints

Answer 4

Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial

Question 5

Synarthroses

Answer 5

immovable

Question 6

Amphiarthroses

Answer 6

slightly moveable

Question 7

Diarthroses

Answer 7

freely moveable

Question 8

Fibrous joints

Answer 8

collagen holds things together - strong
axial skeleton

Question 9

Cartilaginous joints

Answer 9

connecting together
flexible
vertebral column discs
axial skeleton

Question 10

Synovial joint

Answer 10

A lot more motion
Appendicular skeleton

Question 11

Three types of fibrous joints
Where movement is not ideal

Answer 11

Sutures
Syndesmoses
Gomphoses

Question 12

Sutures

Answer 12

Fibrous
Where cranial bones join together

Question 13

Syndomoses

Answer 13

holding together of bones
Stability
Tibia and fibula

Question 14

Gomphoses

Answer 14

alveolar margin - socket of the mandible and maxilla and the feature of the tooth fitting into it.
Held together by the periodontal ligament

Question 15

Synchondrosis

Answer 15

Synarthrotic cartilage to bone do not move
1st sternocostal joint (bar or plate of hyaline cartilage)
rest of ribs to sternum are considered synovial
Epiphyseal plates are synchondrosese too

Question 16

Symphyses

Answer 16

amphiarthrotic joint
hyaline (articular) cartilage sandwiches fibrocartilage pad

Question 17

Articular Cartilage

Answer 17

(AC) hyaline cartilage

Question 18

Joint cavity

Answer 18

potential space

Question 19

Articular capsule

Answer 19

encloses space
lined with synovial membrane producing synovial fluid

Question 20

Reinforcing ligaments

Answer 20

ligaments - bone to bone
Can be intra or extracapsular

Question 21

Nerves & blood vessels

Answer 21

nerve fibers monitor position & stretch - to help what the body is doing
Detects pain

Question 22

Menisci

Answer 22

articular discs
Cartilage pad between bones allows different shapes to fit together

Question 23

Bursa

Answer 23

not actually part of synovial joint but
often closely associated
Flat fibrous sacs act like ball bearings…eliminates friction

Question 24

Synovial Distinguishing Features

Answer 24

1. Articular Cartilage
2. Joint Cavity
3. Articular capsule
4. Reinforcing Ligaments
5. Nerves & blood vessels
6. Menisci
7. Bursa

Question 25

3 stabilizing factors at synovial joints

Answer 25

Shapes of articular surfaces (minor role) Ligament number and location (limited role) Muscle tone which keeps tendons that cross the joint taut

Question 26

Movements of synovial joints

Answer 26

Gliding Angular movements Rotation Special movements

Question 27

Gliding movements at synovial joints

Answer 27

vertebra intercarpals intertarsals flatter portion - waving

Question 28

Angular movements at synovial joints

Answer 28

1. Flexion, extension, hyperextension (neck, vertebral column) 2. Abduction, adduction (arms) 3. Circumduction - cone in space one point stationary

Question 29

Rotation

Answer 29

C1 & C2 medial and lateral rotation humerus & femur

Question 30

Special movements

Answer 30

Supination - pronation Dorsiflexion - plantar flexion of the foot Inversion, eversion

Question 31

Classifications by shape of synovial joints

Answer 31

Plane Hinge Pivot Condyloid Saddle Ball and socket

Question 32

Plane

Answer 32

nonaxial - wrist wave flat articular surfaces short gliding movements

Question 33

Hinge

Answer 33

uniaxial - elbow motion along a single plane Flexion and extension only

Question 34

Pivot

Answer 34

uniaxial - waving from the elbow Rounded end of one bone conforms to a sleeve or ring of another bone

Question 35

Condyloid

Answer 35

biaxial - bones of finger curvature - fossa both articular surfaces are oval permit all angular movements

Question 36

Saddle

Answer 36

biaxial - thumb Allow greater freedom of movement than condyloid joints Each articular surface has both concave and convex areas

Question 37

Ball and Socket

Answer 37

multiaxial - shoulder the most freely moving synovial joints

Question 38

Three bones that conform to make the knee

Answer 38

Femur patella tibia

Question 39

Three joints formed in the knee

Answer 39

1. Femorpartellar joint (plane Joint) 2. Tibiofemoral joints (medial & lateral between condyles and menisci 3. Bicondylar - hinge joint