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Soc 366 > Week 7 > Flashcards

Week 7 Flashcards

(81 cards)

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1
Q

Labour market definition: finish this sentence “the arenas……”

A

The arenas in which workers exchange their labour power in return for wages, status, and other job rewards

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2
Q

Labour market definition: finish this sentence “the institutions….”

A

The institutions and practices that govern the purchase, sale, and pricing of labour services

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3
Q

Workers supply for employer’s _______

A

Demand

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4
Q

Labour market: 3 things that workers supply

A

Skills

Knowledge

Loyalty

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5
Q

Labour market: 4 things that employers supply

A

Pay

Status

Career opportunities

Other rewards

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6
Q

Labour market actors: multiple actors influence BOTH _______(hiring) and _______(contracts)

A

Allocation

Pricing

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7
Q

List the 5 groups of labour market actors

A

Individual workers

Individual employers

Workers’ associations

Employers’ associations

Governments

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8
Q

Classical economic theory: workers and firms maximize _______ in a _____ market

A

Utility

Competitive

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9
Q

“Workers and firms maximize utilities in a competitive market”

List the 2 crucial assumptions of this

A

Complete information

Cannot influence price

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10
Q

Classical economic theory: _______ reflect supply and demand

A

WAGES

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11
Q

Classical economic theory: possession of _____/______/______/ that are scare or desirable lead to ______ wages

A

Education/skills/ability

Higher

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12
Q

“Skill” definition: the ability…….

A

The ability to use one’s knowledge effectively and readily in execution or performance

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13
Q

“Skill” definition: dexterity or…..

A

Dexterity or coordination especially in the execution of learned physical tasks

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14
Q

“Skill” definition: a learned…..

A

A learned power of doing something competently: a developed aptitude/ability

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15
Q

“Skill” Bills definition

A

“Any capacity to get things done”

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16
Q

3 “vs.” categories for skills

A

General vs specific

Hard vs soft

Individual vs job

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17
Q

Human capital theory: “the skills…”

A

The skills the labour force possesses and is regarded as a resource or asset

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18
Q

Human capital theory: school imparts ______ that will _________ more ______ in the labour market

A

Skills

Command

Rewards

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19
Q

HCT: perfect ______ for good jobs in an “____” labour market

(And give example)

A

Competition

Open

(Full information)

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20
Q

HCT:
human ______= better ______

A

Human capital = better jobs

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21
Q

HCT: Define “human capital”

A

Investment in education and training

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22
Q

HCT: Define “better jobs”

(2 words)

A

Higher returns

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23
Q

HCT: employers make ________ hiring ______

A

Rational

Decisions

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24
Q

HCT: what is meant by “employers making rational hiring decisions”

A

Best people match to best jobs

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25
HCT: is a ______ process, also called a “______”
Fair “meritocracy”
26
HCT: individuals and society are ______ ______
Best served
27
Critiques of HCT: often doesn’t have good _______ of _____
Measures of skill
28
Labour market segmentation theory: questions ______, open ______ markets
Single Labour
29
Different include industry/employers offer work opportunities that different rewards Is what theory
Labour market segmentation theory
30
What does labour market segmentation theory highlight (List four of these barriers)
Highlights restricted movements between labour market, sectors (Education, cultural capital, connections, labor, market “closure”)
31
Who is in the core sector of the labour market?
Large, powerful companies, also government
32
Who is in the periphery sector of the labour market
Smaller, more competitive firms, also self-employed
33
Does the core or periphery sector have higher productivity and profit
Core
34
Is the core sector capital intensive or labor-intensive?
Capital
35
Is the Perry Siri sector capital intensive or labor-intensive?
Labour-intensive
36
Between the court in Perry fairy sectors, which one is often unionized
Core
37
Is the primary or secondary labour market better (Give three reasons why)
Primary labour market (Higher wages, better benefits, more job security)
38
International labour market: competition restricted to ______ ______
Entry point
39
What theory is this
Human capital theory
40
Human capital theory: school in parts skills that will command more ______ in the labour market
Rewards
41
Human capital theory: what does investment in education and training equal?
Better jobs
42
Human capital theory: human capital = ____ ____
Higher returns
43
Human capital theory: best people match to _____ jobs, fair process (“______”)
Best “Meritocracy”
44
Human capital theory: individuals and society our best _____
Served
45
Three critiques of human capital theory
Often don’t have good measures of skill (is education a skill) Where are the employers? Is there a quality of educational opportunity?
46
Define meritocracy
A society where jobs and pay our allocated based on an individual’s talent and achievements rather than social status
47
Human capital theory ignores intragenerational _____ ____ ____
Transfer of advantage
48
Defined the idea of cultural capital
Schools encourage and reward the language, beliefs, behavior, and competencies of the more powerful groups in society And middle class cute spring more of this cultural capital to school with them, so have an advantage
49
What does SES stand for?
Socio economic status
50
Define socioeconomic status
The position of an individual or group that is determined by a combination of social and economic factors like Income Amount and type of education Type in prestige of occupation Place of residence
51
What does labour market segmentation theory question
Question, single, open labour market (Different industries/employers hat, offer, work opportunities that different in rewards)
52
What does labour market segmentation theory highlight
Highlights restricted movement between labour market, sectors
53
What sectors is the primary labour market and secondary labour market related to
Primary- core Secondary - periphery
54
Defined the dual economy perspective
How capitalist economies changed with a few large and powerful firms coming to dominate key industries
55
What 4 things are related to the dual economies perspective?
Core (primary labour market) Periphery (secondary labour market)
56
Define market closure
The ability of professionals to shape the labour market to their advantage, rather than simply responding to it as the most occupational groups
57
What two things have led to labour market, polarization
Industrial restructuring The growth and non-standard work
58
How are public and private spheres of the market and household related?
They’re intertwined in diverse Waze during all phases of economic development
59
Public and private spheres of market and household: Which rules do women perform? Which rules do men perform?
Women perform the pivotal roles (Quite different from those performed by men)
60
Define social reproduction
The unpaid domestic labour of women (Raising the future generation of workers and caring for the present generation of workers)
61
Define family wage
A labour movements demand where wages should be high enough for a male breadwinner to support a wife and children (Movement led by men)
62
Women are more likely to be ___ ____ than to ____ ____
Shut out Opt out
63
Define horizontal segregation
Gender segregation across distinct occupations
64
Define vertical segregation
Gender segregation at different levels within the same occupation
65
What two things plane equal role in shaping women’s work
Maternal walls Glass ceilings
66
Define a glass ceiling
Barriers to advancement that persist, despite formal policies designed to eliminate them
67
Do women still encounter glass ceiling
Yes
68
What is the great equalizer in human capital theory
Education
69
Two main competing series of how labour markets operate
Human capital theory Market segmentation theory
70
Define homophily
To reduce uncertainty, managers, recruit, and promote people like themselves
71
What is another term for homophily
Social cloning
72
What is the problem with homophily
Social cloning, reproduces male dominance in management, creating big barriers for women
73
Define tokenism
The practice of hiring someone who belongs to a minority group, only to prevent criticism and give the appearance of people are being treated fairly
74
Woman who do succeed and entering management face what problem
Tokenism
75
What do tokens lack for surviving in the middle and upper ranks of organizations?
Support systems
76
2 things that have led to labour market polarization
Industrial restructuring Growth in nonstandard work
77
Define labour market polarization
A gap where most employment opportunities are at the lowest and highest levels, and few jobs for those with mid-level skills
78
Define occupational choice
Individuals develop through growth and exploration stages, a perception about themselves that they can seek to match with particular occupations
79
Define labour market
Arena, in which employers want to purchase labour from potential workers were seeking jobs, suitable to their education experience and preferences Workers exchange skills, knowledge, and loyalty for P status and rewards
80
Who sets up labour market shelters
Unions and professional associations
81
What is the goal of labour market shelters? (2)
To improve job security To improve income security

Soc 366 (7 decks)

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