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AHP 101 Applied Human Sciences in Paramedic Science > Week 7: Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

Week 7: Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Which bones are tougher to break?

A

Skull and femur

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2
Q

What is the skeletal system susceptible to?

A

Breaks, stains and fractures

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3
Q

How many pounds of pressure does it take to break an average bone?

A

10-16 pounds

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4
Q

What are the functions of the skeletal system?

A
  • giving the body its form
  • assisting with body movement
  • producing new blood cells
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5
Q

How many bones and teeth are in the adult skeletal system?

A

206 bones and 32 teeth

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6
Q

What mineral do bones store?

A

Calcium

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7
Q

What is calcium important for?

A

Nerves, heart and other organs, providing bones with their “hardness”

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8
Q

What is the largest bone in the body?

A

Femur (thighbone)

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9
Q

What is the smallest bone in the body?

A

Staples (anvil), 3mm long

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10
Q

Where are more than half of your bones in your body located?

A

In your hands and feet

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11
Q

What is a 13th rib called?

A

Cervical rib

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12
Q

What media issues can a cervical rib cause?

A

Neck pain

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13
Q

What is the largest joint in the body?

A

The knee

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14
Q

What are the 3 main parts of the bone structure?

A
  • epiphysis
  • diaphysis
    -epiphysis (again at the bottom)
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15
Q

What are the two different types of bone (density)?

A

Spongy and compact bone

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16
Q

What are the different types of bone (shape)?

A
  • long
  • short
  • flat
  • irregular
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17
Q

What is an example of a long bone?

A
  • radium and ulna
  • femur
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18
Q

What is an example of short bones?

A
  • talus
  • carpal
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19
Q

What is an example of a flat bone?

A
  • scapula
  • sternum
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20
Q

What is an example of an irregular bone?

A
  • sphenoid
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21
Q

What are the bones in the ear (smallest bones)

A
  • malleus
  • incus
  • stapes
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22
Q

What is the largest bone in the body?

A

The femur, 20 inches long (50cm)

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23
Q

Why is the femur important?

A

Plays a crucial role in supporting our weight

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24
Q

What are examples on long bones?

A
  • clavicle
  • humerus
  • radium
  • tibia
  • fibula
  • metacarpals
  • metatarsals
  • phalanges
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25
What are examples of short bones?
- carpals - tarsals
26
What are examples of flat bones?
- scapula - sternum - ribs
27
What is a sesamoid bone and what is an example?
Special formed in ligament where stress occurs e.g. patella
28
What is an example of irregular shaped bones?
- vertebra, sacrum coccyx
29
What are the two different parts of the skeleton called?
- appendicular skeleton - axial skeleton
30
What are the cranial bones?
- frontal bone - parietal bones - sphenoid bones - ethmoid bones - temporal bones
31
Which cranial bones are paired
- parietal bones - temporal bones
32
Which cranial bones are unpaired?
- frontal bones - sphenoid bones - ethmoid bones
33
What are the facial bones?
- nasal bone - lacrimal bone - zygomatic bone - inferior nasal conchae - vomer - maxilla - mandible
34
Which facial bones are paired?
- nasal bone - lacrimal bone - inferior nasal conchae - maxilla
35
Which facial bones are unpaired?
- vomer - mandible
36
What are the ones within the pelvic girdle?
- allium - iliac crest - illic spine - acetabulum - ischium - pubis
37
What are the 3 types of joints?
- fibrous - cartilagenous - synovial
38
Which joint is immoveable?
Fibrous
39
Which joint is semi moveable?
Cartilagenous
40
Which joint is freely moveable
Synovial
41
What is the skeleton?
Supports the muscles, blood vessels and nerves of the body and protects the organs
42
What are the joints?
Where one bone meets another
43
What do muscles do?
Allow various parts of the body to move
44
What do ligaments do?
Hold moveable joints together, attach 2 or more bones together
45
What do tendons do?
Hold muscle to the bone. With fibrous sheath of muscle, attaches to the periosteum of the bone, another muscle of the skin
46
What tissue are ligaments?
Sense fibrous connective tissue
47
What tissue are tendons?
Dense connective tissue continuous
48
What are bursae?
Flattened fibrous sacs lined with synovial membrane containing a thin film of synovial fluid, where ligaments/muscle lie over bone, providing protection from friction
49
How does movement occur?
Muscles attach to the skeleton to allow the structures to move
50
What are the three types of muscular tissue?
- skeletal - cardiac - visceral
51
What is the function of skeletal muscle?
- movement - heat - posture
52
What is the appearance of skeletal muscle?
Striated, multi-nucleated (eccentric) fibres parallel
53
What type of control is skeletal muscle?
Voluntary
54
What is the function of cardiac muscle?
To pump blood continuously
55
What is the appearance of cardiac muscle?
Started, once central nucleus
56
What type of control is cardiac?
Involuntary
57
Where is visceral muscle located?
GI tract, uterus, eye, blood vessels
58
What is the function of visceral muscle?
Peristalsis, blood pressure, pupil size, erects hair
59
What is the appearance of visceral muscle?
No striations, one central nucleus
60
What type of control is visceral muscle?
Involuntary
61
What are the muscle functions?
- produces movement - maintains body posture and position - stablising joints - generating heat - other functions
62
What are the lower back muscles?
- multifidus - erector spinae - spinalis - latissimus dora

AHP 101 Applied Human Sciences in Paramedic Science (18 decks)

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