Week 7 - Part 1

Question 1

(4) examples of Non Infectious respiratory diseases:

Answer 1

• Pulmonary edema
• Pneumothorax and Hemothorax
• Asthma
• COPD

Question 2

COPD is broken down into (2) sections:

Answer 2

• Chronic bronchitis
• Emphysema

Question 3

_____________________ is life-threatening condition in which capillary fluid
moves into the alveoli

Answer 3

Acute pulmonary edema

Question 4

Accumulated fluid in the alveoli and airways causes (3):

Answer 4

• lung stiffness,
• impairs lung expansion
• impairs gas exchange

Question 5

Hemoglobin leaves the pulmonary circulation without being fully oxygenated causing (2):

Answer 5

shortness of breath and cyanosis

Question 6

Why blood-tinged sputum for pulmonary edema?

Answer 6

• Air mixing with the serum albumin
• Red blood cells that have moved into the alveoli

Question 7

Why Crackles on auscultation or no air
entry for pulmonary edema?

Answer 7

• Movement of air through the alveolar fluid produces crackles

Question 8

Why Dyspnea, air hunger & cyanosis for pulmonary edema?

Answer 8

• Decreases ability of lungs to oxygenate the blood
• Hemoglobin leaves the pulmonary circulation without being fully oxygenated
• Causes the body to respond by increasing respiratory rate

Question 9

Pharmacologic agents for treatment of pulmonary edema (2)?

Answer 9

• Diuretics
• ACE inhibitors

Question 10

Non-pharmacologic treatment for pulmonary edema?

Answer 10

Oxygen and assistance with breathing
through noninvasive or invasive
ventilation

Question 11

________________ Refers to presence of air in the pleural space

Answer 11

Pneumothorax

Question 12

Pneumothorax causes partial or complete __________ of the affected lung.

Answer 12

Collapse

Question 13

(3) types of pneumothorax?

Answer 13

1. Spontaneous pneumothorax
2. Traumatic pneumothorax
3. Tension pneumothorax

Question 14

________________ pneumothorax may occur due to the rupture of an air-
filled bleb (blister or bullae) on the
surface of the lung

Answer 14

Spontaneous

Question 15

_____________ pneumothorax caused by penetrating or non-penetrating chest injuries

Answer 15

Traumatic

Question 16

______________ or _____________ ribs most
common cause of non-penetrating
chest injuries

Answer 16

Fractured or dislocated

Question 17

____________________ pneumothorax is a life-threatening condition and occurs
when injury to the chest or respiratory
structures allow air to enter but not
leave

Answer 17

Tension

Question 18

What pneumothorax type is the following:

1. Pain in the affected side
2. Increase in respiratory rate
3. Dyspnea
4. Asymmetry of the chest may also occur
5. Breath sounds decreased or absent over area of
   pneumothorax.

Answer 18

Acute Spontaneous

Question 19

What pneumothorax type is the following:

• Mediastinal shift
  -> trachea can be used as a means for assessing
  mediastinal shift.
• Distention of the neck veins
• Subcutaneous emphysema in the neck and chest
• Signs of shock.
• Hypoxemia

Answer 19

Tension pneumothorax

Question 20

Hypoxia vs hypoxemia

Answer 20

Hypoxia - Low oxygen levels in tissues
Hypoxemia - Low oxygen levels in blood

Question 21

______________ refers to presence of blood
in the pleural space

Answer 21

Hemothorax

Question 22

________________ is the collapse of a lung or part of a lung (lobe)

Answer 22

Atelectasis

Question 23

What are these S&S of?

• Dyspnea
• Increased HR
• Increased RR
• Chest pain
• Asymmetric chest expansion
  -> affected side “lags” behind unaffected side during ventilation
• Mediastinal shift toward unaffected
  side

Answer 23

Atelectasis

Question 24

Name (2) Obstructive Respiratory
Conditions?

Answer 24

• Asthma
• COPD

Question 25

___________ is the most common chronic disease among children

Answer 25

Asthma

Question 26

____________ is a respiratory condition marked by spasms in the bronchi of the lungs, causing difficulty in breathing

Answer 26

Asthma

Question 27

The strongest risk factors for developing asthma are: A combination of ____________________ with environmental exposure to ______________________and particles that may provoke allergic reactions or irritate the airways

Answer 27

1. genetic predisposition 2. inhaled substances

Question 28

Pathogenesis – acute phase (3):

Answer 28

1. Exposure to extrinsic allergen 2. Infiltration of WBCs 3. Bronchospasm

Question 29

What manifestations are the following for? * Chest tightness * Wheezing * Increase RR with prolonged expiration * Accessory muscle use

Answer 29

Asthma

Question 30

What is PEF?

Answer 30

Peak expiratory flow meter

Question 31

___________ is a common test used to check how well your lungs work

Answer 31

Spirometry test

Question 32

Treatment for asthma (3):

Answer 32

- SABA or LABA - Bronchodilators - Steroids

Question 33

SABA means?

Answer 33

Short-acting beta agonists

Question 34

LABA means?

Answer 34

Long-acting beta agonists

Question 35

_______ is a lung disease characterized by chronic obstruction of lung airflow that interferes with normal breathing and is not fully reversible

Answer 35

COPD - Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Question 36

____________ is enlargement of air spaces and destruction of lung tissue

Answer 36

Emphysema

Question 37

Is α1-antitrypsin deficiency a result of emphysema or chronic bronchitis?

Answer 37

Emphysema

Question 38

Obstruction of small airways and chronic irritation from smoking and recurrent infections is _____________

Answer 38

Chronic bronchitis

Question 39

Leukotrienes cause bronchoconstriction, true or false?

Answer 39

True

Question 40

Clinical manifestation of ________ include: * Insidious onset * Productive cough in morning, sputum production * Dyspnea * Fatigue, SOB-OE * Exacerbations of infection * Progressive change in respiratory function * Exacerbation of illness associated with infection * Respiratory failure

Answer 40

COPD

Question 41

Are pink puffers usually for emphysema or bronchitis?

Answer 41

Emphysema

Question 42

Are blue puffers usually for emphysema or bronchitis?

Answer 42

Bronchitis

Question 43

________ is a protein you need to protect your lungs from inflammation and damage caused by infections and irritants such as smoke and pollution

Answer 43

Alpha-1 Antitrypsin (AAT)

Question 44

______________ is when you have too much carbon dioxide in your blood

Answer 44

Hypercapnia

Question 45

________________ is a theory that states that people who chronically retain carbon dioxide lose their hypercarbic drive to breathe

Answer 45

hypoxic drive theory