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Med 1011 > Week 7 Sem 1 2014 > Flashcards

Week 7 Sem 1 2014 Flashcards

0
Q

Serotonin (5-HT)

Neurotransmitter

A

CNS/sensory (pain)

Usually inhibitory

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1
Q

Dopamine (DA)

Neurotransmitter

A

In CNS

Usually inhibitory

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2
Q

Glycine

Neurotransmitter

A

CNS synapses
Always inhibitory

In spinal cord

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3
Q

GABA

Neurotransmitter

A

CNS terminal

Always inhibitory

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4
Q

Glutamate

Neurotransmitter

A

Sensory

Always excitatory

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5
Q

Sarcoma

A 
Cancerous tumour from cells of 
Bone
Cartilage
Fat
Muscle
Vascular 
Or hematopoietic tissues
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6
Q

Lymphoma

A

Wen B or T lymphocytes divide faster n live longer than normal

Type of blood cancer

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7
Q

Leukaemia

A

Abnormal increase of immature WBCs

Broad term coverin spectrum of diseases

Type of cancer of blood or bone marrow

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8
Q

Tumourigenesis

A

Growth/production of tumour

By clonal expansion (ie one common cell ancestor)

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9
Q

Primary tumour/neoplasm

A

Is clinically detectable

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10
Q

Cancer dormancy

A

Cancerous cells not gainin blood supply cos cant get angiogenesis

So stays alive, proliferates but cant metastasize

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11
Q

Metastasis

A

Process of cancer cells invading other tissues

Ruotes: lymphatics, local, vascular

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12
Q

Intravasation

A

Tumour cells goin into vascular/lymphatic vessels, through basal lamina n endothelium

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13
Q

Extravasation

A

Cancer cells escape from capillary n lodge into surrounding tissues

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14
Q

Cachexia

A 
Loss of weight, 
Muscle atrophy
Fatigue
Weakness
Loss of apetite

In cancer patients

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15
Q

Angiogenesis

A

Formation of new blood vessels from pre existing ones

Can happen at tumours - for oxygen n nutrient supply

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16
Q

Cancer effect on patient

A
  • Cancer displaces normal tissue, replacin them wit cells that dont function properly
  • tumours block vital passages (bowel lumen, arterial, venous,lymph
  • cancer cells hav high proliferation=absorbs nutrients=breaks down surrounding cell to nourish itself= cachexia
  • cancers secrete hormones- distal effects
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17
Q

Cancer

A

2nd to heart disease in death causation

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18
Q

Cellular characteristics of cancer cells

A

Enlarged nucleus
Little specialised features
Little cytoplasm

19
Q

Benign cells

A

Appear like original tissue

Remain localised (encapsulated)- dont spread

Usually Dont cause problems unless they grow in a confined space ie the brain

20
Q

Malignant cells

A

Dont look like tissue/cell of origin (irregular structure )

Spread - invade surrounding tissues

R often lethal

21
Q

Cancer cells- 2 main characteristics

A

1) reproduce despite normal constraints that inhibit proliferation
2) invade n colonize territories normally reserved for other cells

22
Q

Cell transformation

A

Change from normal cell to cancer cell

Eg nucleus enlargin etc

23
Q

Lymphedema /lymphoedema

A

Lymph fluid accumulates due to tumorous occlusion

24
Ascites
Build up of fluid in abdominal cavity One of the effects of cancer
25
Cancer spread to bone
Can cause severe pain Weaken bone (wich can cause bone deformities leadin to nerve/spinal cord compression) Hypercalcaemia (elevated calcium level in blood) Osteoporosis
26
Proliferation limitation mechanisms
Wen cells go into Resting phase, G1/G0 (cancer cells ignore signal to enter G0) Differentiation terminally (cancer cells fail to differentiate fully n hence keep dividin) Apoptosis ( cancer cells hav mutations that may compromise its apoptotic capacity) Apoptosis
27
Attribution
Process where we explain the causes of behaviours n events
28
Errors of attribution: | Fundamental attribution error
Tendency for observer to underestimate external factors n overestimate internal factors Eg he's depressed again bc he is really lazy n cant keep a job To favour internal attributions
29
Types of attribution: | External (situational)
Behaviour is due to situational constraints | Eg 'i had a heart attack bc there is so much stress in my family'
30
Type of attribution: | Internal (deposition)
Behaviour reflects the person's personal traits or abilities 'I had a heart attack cos i smoked n ate too much fatty food'
31
Type of attribution: | Stable vs unstable
Stable: ill never b able to exercise regularly Unstable: ive not been able to exercise lately as it has been too hot
32
Type of attribution: | Global vs specific
Global- diabetes effects all aspects of my life | Specific- diabetes prevents me from eatin fatty foods
33
Type of attribution: | Controllable vs uncontrollable (aka Locus of control)
Controllable- i can control my diet | Uncontrollable- no matter wat i do, i cant control my diet
34
Errors of attribution: | Actor- observer bias
Tendency for actor (person doin behaviour) to blame external stuff for their own behaviour Eg i got sick bc boss makes me work too hard
35
Self enhancing bias
Attributing one's success to personal factors
36
Self- protectin bias
Attributing one's failures to situational factors
37
Self- handicappin
Publicallu makin advance external attributions for one's anticipated failure or poor performance in forthcomin event Eg sayin u will fail to fwends before exam to decrease expectations
38
Attitude components
1. Cognition - beliefs/ideas about somethin eg the medication will make me better 2. Affect - emotions- how u feel bout it Eg i dont mind takin tablets 3. Behaviour- predisposition to act in a certain way eg more likely to adhere to dose prescribed
39
Cognitive dissonance
Simultaneously opposing cognitions Eg Cogntion: i like ham n salami- it tastes good! But too much processed meat is linked to bowel cancer Affect: worry bout cancer Behaviour: reduce intake of ham sandwiches
40
Attitude n behaviour
Attitude can predict behaviour
41
Persuasion
Attempt to change an attitude 3 components: Source, message (fear can induce change, but too much fear= no change cos of lack of attention to stimulus/emotions etc), audience
42
Persuasive messages
Arouse some degree or fear but not too much Increase sense of severity if no change is made Emphasise efficacy, ability to change
43
Heuristic
Enablin a person to discover/learn something for themselves Eg fear/worry provides info by affectin heuristics
44
Elaboration likelihood model
Talks bout 2 channels by wich attitudes can b altered Central route- high elaboration Peripheral ruote- low elaboration

Med 1011 (12 decks)

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