Week 7.3

Question 1

What is are the criteria A for schizophrenia?

Answer 1

two of five for at least two months

• delusions
• hallucinations
• disorganized speech
• disorganized behavior
• negative symptoms

Question 2

What is formal thought disorder?

Answer 2

a thought process disorder (as compared to a disorder of thought content)

Question 3

What disturbances of thought content are common amongst schizophrenics?

Answer 3

• delusions
• thought broadcasting
• thought insertion
• thought withdrawal
• ideas of reference

Question 4

What are ideas of reference?

Answer 4

a disturbance of thought content in which a person believes there is special meaning for them in environmental events

Question 5

What is the most common form of hallucination amongst schizophrenics?

Answer 5

auditory hallucinations

Question 6

What is thought blocking?

Answer 6

a disturbance of speech process due to a sudden absence of thought

Question 7

How long must a person have symptoms to be diagnosed with schizophrenia?

Answer 7

at least six months

Question 8

Schizophrenia typically has what age of onset?

Answer 8

• 15 to 25 in men

- 25 to 35 in women

Question 9

__% of schizophrenics will attempt suicide

Answer 9

50

Question 10

What is schizophreniform disorder?

Answer 10

symptoms of schizophrenia for only 1-6 months

Question 11

What is schizoaffective disorder?

Answer 11

an episode of mood disorder occurring with schizophrenic symptoms

Question 12

What is delusional disorder?

Answer 12

a non-bizarre delusion of at least one month duration not accompanied by other schizophrenic symptoms

Question 13

What is a brief psychotic disorder?

Answer 13

delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech for less than one month

Question 14

What anatomic findings have been linked to schizophrenia?

Answer 14

• lateral and third ventricle enlargment

- decreased cortical, hippocampal, and amygdala volume

Question 15

Most schizophrenia meds target what NT system?

Answer 15

DA, which is typically elevated

Question 16

Schizophrenics show elevated DA and NE in what brain region?

Answer 16

the anterior thalamus

Question 17

What is a developmental risk factor for schizophrenia?

Answer 17

a gestational insult during the first trimester

Question 18

How do antipsychotic meds work?

Answer 18

by blocking D2 receptors

Question 19

What are personality disorders?

Answer 19

personalities that are inflexible, maladaptive, and extreme which cause significant functional impairment

Question 20

Personality disorders must present before what age?

Answer 20

15

Question 21

What are the cluster A personality disorders?

Answer 21

odd or eccentric

• paranoid
• schizoid
• schizotypal

Question 22

What is schizoid personality disorder?

Answer 22

a lack of interest and detachment from social relationships

Question 23

What is schizotypal personality disorder?

Answer 23

a pattern of extreme discomfort interacting socially, disordered cognitions and perceptions (magical thinking), and behavioral eccentricities

Question 24

What is believed to be the cause of magical thinking in those with schizotypal personality disorder?

Answer 24

problems with attention gating and trouble ignoring some stimuli

Question 25

What are the cluster B personality disorders?

Answer 25

dramatic, emotional, erratic - borderline - narcissistic - histrionic - antisocial

Question 26

What is borderline personality disorder?

Answer 26

a pattern of instability in relationships, self-image, etc. with extreme impulsivity - form and lose attachments quickly and strongly - lots of suicide ideology - mood fluctuations

Question 27

What is histrionic personality disorder?

Answer 27

a pervasive pattern of attention-seeking behavior due to feeling most comfortable at the center of attention

Question 28

What are the cluster C personality disorders?

Answer 28

anxious, avoidant, and fearfull - OCPD - dependent personality disorder - avoidant personality disorder

Question 29

How does dependent personality disorder often manifest?

Answer 29

the person does lots of things for other people because they don't want to be rejected

Question 30

What is avoidant personality disorder?

Answer 30

a sort of pathologic shyness and extreme sensitivity to negative evaluation

Question 31

What is the most common etiology for personality disorder due to a general medical condition?

Answer 31

head trauma

Question 32

What are some risk factors for personality disorder?

Answer 32

- low SES - adverse environmental events - parents with personality disorder - physical or sexual abuse as a child

Question 33

Childhood sexual abuse is most strongly associated with which personality disorder?

Answer 33

borderline personality disorder

Question 34

Childhood physical abuse is most strongly associated with which personality disorder?

Answer 34

antisocial personality disorder

Question 35

Risk factors for antisocial personality disorder have what in common?

Answer 35

they teach the individual a need to put themselves first

Question 36

Through what mechanism does childhood trauma contribute to personality disorders?

Answer 36

it sensitizes the HPA axis, altering the function of the amygdala and limbic connections with the prefrontal lobes and increases levels of excitatory NTs to prevent adequate synaptic pruning

Question 37

Cortisol selectively damages which brain structure?

Answer 37

the hippocampus

Question 38

What parental feature has been linked to the development of personality disorders?

Answer 38

attachments and parenting style

Question 39

Intrusive-dismissive, rejecting and fearful, and terrorizing-disorganized parenting styles contribute to which personality disorders?

Answer 39

- intrusive-dismissive: cluster A - rejecting-fearful: cluster B - terrorizing-disorganized: cluster C

Question 40

What is the LEAD assessment?

Answer 40

a longitudinal, expert evaluation, using all data to assess for personality disorder

Question 41

The primary treatment for personality disorder is what?

Answer 41

psychotherapy

Question 42

Which personality disorders are less responsive to psychotherapy?

Answer 42

cluster A and antisocial personality disorder

Question 43

What is the most recognized form of psychotherapy for personality disorder?

Answer 43

dialectical behavior therapy, which includes modules of mindfulness, distress tolerance, emotion regulation, and interpersonal effectiveness

Question 44

Which NT systems are most critical for attentional processes?

Answer 44

DA and NE

Question 45

How do we typically treat anxiety disorders?

Answer 45

with anxiolytics and SSRIs

Question 46

How do anxiolytic therapies work?

Answer 46

by increases GABAergic activity

Question 47

What is the most significant sign of psychological dependence on a drug?

Answer 47

the user plans daily activities around obtaining and using the drug

Question 48

What is substance abuse?

Answer 48

repeated use despite significant adverse social, legal, and physical consequences

Question 49

What is incentive-sensitization theory?

Answer 49

the idea that when a drug has been used in association with certain cues, the cues themselves elicit desire for the drug