Week 8 Flashcards
(32 cards)
1
Q
Greek heros
A
- closely related to gods, but also mortal
- believed to have been real
- worshipped by people in regions where the heros are meant to be born and lived
- lots of heroic actions and traditions
2
Q
How myths were created
A
- composed and preformed orally
- archaic Greek composed in writing and preformed it orally in actors, singers, etc
- hellenistic and roman composed to be read only
3
Q
Pseudo-Apollodorus “the library of Greek mythology”
A
-assumed to be attributed to hellenistic mythographer of 2nd c BC named apollodorus in pergamon, Athens, Alexandria
- it isn’t him actually, but a roman man in 2nd c AD
- basic handbook that brought different sources and drawings on earlier sources like Homer, hesiod
- contradicts each other since there are many variations
4
Q
Perseus
A
- descendent of IO and Zeus (Cow chick)
- grandfather acrisius, king of argos, told his grandson will kill him
- locks away his daughter Danae but Zeus visits her and has a child perseus
- acrisius shuts danae & perseus into a chest and into the sea
- saved by a fisherman and taken to Seriphos Island (cycladic island)
- king seriphos tries to get with danae and tricks perseus into getting gorgon Medusa’s head
5
Q
Medusa
A
-grandchild of Gaia and Pontus that made 3 Gorgons
- she was mortal
- modern day supposedly very ugly and fangs, snake hair, her stare can turn her to stone
- she was loved by poseidon, and children. Or she was raped poseidon in athena’s temple since she was beautiful
- Athena blamed Medusa for defiling her temple and turns her into a monster
6
Q
Perseus during his quest
A
- helped by Athena
- asked graeae for the location of the nymphs (1 eye and 1 tooth)
- gives him a cap of hades (invisibility), winged sandals, pouch, sword, and shield
- find gorgon sisters, invisible, and beheaded medusa while looking in reflection of shield so he doesn’t die
- medusa gives birth to Pegasus and chrysaor
- he takes her head back
7
Q
Athena with Medusa’s head
A
- gave the head to Athena to be worn on her aegis or shield
8
Q
Side story of perseus
A
- perseus stops at joppa (palestine) to rescue Andromeda from a sea monster since her mother, cassiopeia, boasted that her daughter was more beautiful
- only sacrifice of Andromeda will satisfy sea monster ketos
- Defeated with a sword and marries Andromeda
9
Q
Ending of perseus
A
- accidentally kills his grandfather acrisius in an athletic contest in Thessaly (northern Greece). A discus hits him on the foot
- perseus becomes king, but gives it up and becomes king of Tiryns and founded my mycenae
- oracle fulfilled, hero caused unintentional death
10
Q
Gilgamesh
A
-king of uruk and had a best friend named enkidu in 2100 bc in Mesopotamia
- defeats humbaba, bull of heaven sent by God’s
- enkidu dies and gilgamesh tries to find the answer to immortality
- realizes he must die, an initiation into manhood
11
Q
A
12
Q
How to be a hero
A
- royal in some way
- hardship growing up
- miraculously saved by someone as a child
- impossible task given
- ventures to the underworld or limits of the world
- defeat monster with magical help and claim his birthright, aka wife, home, throne, etc
- transformation from young adolescent to maturity
13
Q
Bellerophon
A
- born in corinth to king glaucus and queen eurymede (illiad)
- Poseidon as a father
- murders a relative and runs to Tiryns
- rejects queen of Tiryns and makes her angry, so she accuses him of rape, so he must die..respectfully
- sends to another king and sends him on an impossible quest
- kill chimera, part lion, part snake, part snake
- Given Pegasus by poseidon
- fights chimera, solomoi, amazons
14
Q
Heracles
A
- alcmena was wife of amphitryon who was banished from mycenae and came to the thebes after killing his uncle
- Zeus pretended to be amphitryon and she’s pregnant with twins
- Zeus boasts and hera torments heracles by delaying the birth and the throne went to his cousin
- heracles strangles snakes sent by hera
15
Q
Megara and heracles
A
- daughter of creon king of thebes and have children
- he slaughters his family because hera hates him and sent the personification of madness and he goes rogue
- play by euridipes that depicts the madness
- he now must complete 12 labors as penance for killings
- euridipes said he completed the labors already and went mad later in life
16
Q
Metopes of temple of Zeus, olympia
A
- had depictions of heracles’ labors
- pseudo apollodorus claims there’s 10 labors, not 12
- showed the moment right after defeating the labors with Athena beside him
- heracles is a local hero of the peloponnese but span throughout the Greek world
17
Q
Heracles and the nemean lion
A
- savage lion on the countryside of nemea
- skin is unable to pierce it by any weapon
- provided heracles with his lion skin (not according to apollodorus)
18
Q
Heracles and the hydra
A
- many headed (1 immoral and regrowth) serpent around the swamp of lerna
- helped by his nephew of Iolaos
- heracles cuts off thr immortal head and buried it with burns and stuff
- dips his arrows in hydras blood
- not a labor to pseudo apollodorus
19
Q
Heracles and ceryneian deer
A
- must capture the magical deer with golden antlers and brazen hoofs sacred to Artemis who lives in Mount Ceryneia
- tracks the deer for a year and captured in Arcadia
- apologizes to Apollo and Artemis
20
Q
Heracles and erymanthian boar
A
- has to capture a live boar terrorizing thr region of mount erymanthus
- captures in a net by snow bank
- king hides in a huge bronze jar
- during labor, meets a centaur pholus and drinks. Fight breaks out and kills the centaurs, shoots the immortal centaur chiron with the poisoned arrow
- centaurs have a grudge like nessos
21
Q
Heracles and stable of augeas
A
- augeas, king of Elis, owned lots of cattle, but never cleaned the stables
- heracles must clean them in a day
- cheated by diverting the river to clean the stable
- augeas didn’t give him the promised one 10th of his cattle and later killed
- labor didn’t count to pseudo apollodorus
- he made the Olympic games
22
Q
Heracles and the stymphalian birds
A
- heracles must drive away birds on the lake stymphalus
- makes a loud noise and he shoots them down
- later, they became man-eating, arrow firing, armor piercing beaks (not apollodorus)
23
Q
Heracles and the cretan bull
A
- minos, king of Crete, summoned a magnificent bull and promised to sacrificed it to poseidon.. he didn’t
- causes wife of minos to love the bull and created the minotaur
- this is the bull that heracles brought back from Crete since he’s supposed to capture it
- bull escaped to the plain of marathon
24
Q
Heracles and the mares of diomedes
A
- capture the flesh-eating horses of diomedes, king of trace and son of Ares
- defeated diomedes and fed him to his own horses
- horses escaped later to mount Olympus but killed by wolves
25
Heracles and the Amazons
- bring back the girdle (belt) of hippolyta, queen of Amazon's
-hippolyta is charmed and wanted to give the girdle
- hera causes the Amazon's to attack him and heracles kills them all,,
26
Heracles and the cattle of geryon
- capture the famous cattle of the 3 bodied monster geryon to the far west, erythia
- had to track through africa, long venture
- helped by helios in a giant cup
- killed herdsman and geryon himself, drove them back all through europe
- cattle eventually sacrificed to hera
27
Heracles and the apples of hesperides
- bring back fruit of the tree given to hera as a wedding present in the garden of hesperides at the foot of Mount atlas guarded by many headed serpent
- sent titan atlas to get them, and tricked to carry it again
- during this, heracles freed prometheus for his punishment for helping the humans
28
Heracles and cerberus
- bring back cerberus from the underworld
- also rescued theseus
- heracles became worshipper of demeter to enter, but hades challenges him to defeat him and he does
29
Heracles and Troy
- generation before the Trojan war
- sea monster ketos, sent to Troy by poseidon
- saved the daughter from the monster
- king laomedon promised to give him magic horses, he doesn't,, heracles gathers army and kills laomedon and his sons
30
Death of heracles
- death caused by rage and sexual conquests
- married to deinara
- went into Self imposed exile
- evil centaur nessos tries to attack and rape deinara
- heracles shoots nessos
- centaur says deinara to take his blood since it's a love potion
- rescues old girlfriend Iole, and wife is jealous
- smears blood on tunic, blood has poison of hydra
- burns his flesh and he's in agony
- wife kills herself
- made a pier for himself to cremate himself
- shepard let's him die and heracles gives him the bow and arrow
- Cloud raises him up to heaven and made immortal
- Given goddess as wife??
31
Euridipes Heracles furens (madness of Heracles)
- written in 415 BC
- a play depicting Heracles' madness towards his family megara
- imagines killing his enemies but isn't
32
Pseudo-apollodorus book
- written in apparently 2nd c AD
- depicts heracles' labors and the nemean lion
- came from his book "the library of Greek mythology"
- shows heracles traveling and defeating the lion
