Week 9 Flashcards
(19 cards)
1
Q
Older Greek heros in relation
A
- humans claimed the heros as ancestors for power, etc
- some stories reflect a version of a dimly remembered history
2
Q
Background to the Trojan war
A
- swan zeus seduced wife of king of sparta, tyndareus, husband of leta
- leta has children of zeus and tyndareus
- agamemnon marries mortal clytemnestra and becomes king of mycenae
- menelaus marries daughter of zeus helen and becomes king of sparta
- tyndareus makes all of helens suitors swear and oath to support the chosen husband (menelaus)
3
Q
Peleus and thetis
A
- Zeus desires the sea nymph thetis, but resists since an oracle says thetis’ son will be stronger than the father
- instead the mortal peleus marries her after feats of endurance
- they have a son, Achilles
- thetis tries to make Achilles immortal by sticking him in the fire but stopped by peleus (who she later leaves)
- only part she didn’t dip was his ankle
- foretold that he will either live a long life of obscurity or he will be glorious but will die young
- he goes to troy and is the greatest of Greek warriors but dies in war
4
Q
The wedding of peleus and thetis
A
- begins a chain of events
- invites all the gods except eris (goddess of discord)
- she brings a wedding gift, a golden apple inscribed with “for the fairest”
- all the goddesses claim it as theirs
- hera, Athena, and aphrodite want it bad
5
Q
The judgement of Paris
A
- Zeus won’t judge or choose and chose Paris, Shepard of mount Ida (a prince in the future)
- three goddesses ran to him, hera claimed powerful ruler, Athena wisdom, aphrodite marriage to the most beautiful woman (helen)
- he chose aphrodite
6
Q
The start of the Trojan war
A
- Helen runs off with Paris while menelaus is away
- menelaus asks the suitors to get his wife back, agemnemon also joins, Achilles too. Some greeks needed convincing like odysseus
- greeks have problems before reaching Troy, getting lost, preformed sacrifice for favorable winds
- lost some Greek heroes
- eventually they end up fighting for 10 years, besieging the city from their camp by their ships, while the Trojan stay within their city fortification and come out to fight
7
Q
Heroes of the Trojan war Greeks
A
- agamemnon, king of mycenae
- menelaus, king of sparta
- Achilles
- diomedes
- Odysseus
- two people named ajax
- Hera, Athena, Poseidon, Thetis
8
Q
Heroes of Troy
A
- Paris
- Priam (his father)
- Hector (his brother)
- aphrodite, Ares, Artemis, apollo
- led by amazons, lycians, Ethiopians, thracians
9
Q
The epic cycle
A
- the Cypria (judgement of Paris, theft of Helen, arrival of Greeks at Troy)
- the illiad of Homer
- the aethiopis and the little illiad (rest of the war at Troy)
- the ilioupersis (the sack of troy)
- the nostoi (the journey home of many Greek heroes)
- the Odyssey of Homer
- the telegony (rest of odysseus’ life and his death at the hands of his son)
10
Q
Illiad (plot)
A
- 10th year of the war
- begins with anger of Achilles because agemnenon strole his slave girl because he lost his own slave girl, daughter of priest of Apollo
- Achilles asks his mom to avenge his honor and withdraw from fighting, Zeus agrees to make greeks suffer at the hands of the Trojan
- interference by the gods, manipulate events to support people they want
- Trojans are slaughtering the greeks and are almost at his camp, but Achilles hasn’t stopped sulking
- patroclus, Achilles’ lover, went out to fight in achilles’ armor and Hector kills patroclus
- Achilles is so upset and fights again thanks to more armor made by hephaistos by his mother
- kills Hector as well as many other Trojans
- king priam begs for his son’s body to be returned by entering the Greek camp and protected by Hermes
- ends with funeral of Hector
11
Q
Illiad Priam
A
- written down by Homer in the classical age
- priam begging for the greeks to return his son
- Achilles feels bad and he gives it back
12
Q
After the illiad
A
- further fighting
- Paris kills Achilles with an arrow guided by Apollo
- achilles’ armor is a prize in the funeral games followed his death and odysseus wins (ajax kills himself cuz he wanted it so bad)
- helenus, a Trojan seer says that the greeks won’t win if they don’t get the left behind Philotetes with his poison arrow
- Paris dies
- odysseus makes the Trojan horse and pretends it’s an offering for poseidon
13
Q
The fall of Troy
A
- slaughtering of priam and astyanax
- rape of Cassandra at the statue of Athena
- enslavement of Trojan women
- Helen is returned to menelaus
- aeneas, a Trojan prince, escapes
14
Q
Heinrich schliemann
A
- German archeologist
- schliemann discovered the location of Troy (which was long forgotten) with clues
- city founded in 3rd millennium BC
- A rich city
15
Q
The Odyssey
A
- return of odysseus during another 10 years
- odysseus is languishing on the island of calypso, and back on his island of ithica, men are wanting his kingdom and wife
- calypso has him in his grips for 7 years as his lover
16
Q
The Odyssey (plot) pt 1
A
- odysseus and companion attack the cicones of trace, but spare the priest who gives him some wine
- island of the lotus-eaters, they forget many things and left behind
- land of the cyclops: trapped by polythemus, son of poseidon, but they get him drunk, blind him, and make poseidon mad and escape
- visit aeolus, master of winds who have them a bag of unfavorable winds, the crew opens it and the winds to blow them off course
- the man eating laestrygonians, where all ships except odysseus are destroyed
- island of circe, turns strange men into animals but odysseus is helped by Hermes and resists
- avoid sirens, scylla, etc
- odysseus survives after his crew kills helios’ sacred cattle while the others are punished
- calypso gets him for 7 years and the gods tell her to let him go
- phaecians deliver him back home
17
Q
Odyssey pt 2 lore
A
- arrives home to find suitors after his wife Penelope and take over the kingdom
- Penelope has been delaying the suitors by making a funeral shroud for her father-in-law and secretly unpicking it every night
- she makes a challenge to string and shoot odysseus’ bow and shoot through 12 axes cleanly as Odysseus is secretly a begger
-suitors fail, odysseus tries and he reveals himself and kills them all - but he has to prove to his wife that he is himself and she can’t trust him yet
18
Q
Odysseus and Penelope
A
- she tests him to see if he’s actually him
- odysseus saw his wife bring in a bed but it wasn’t his because his marriage bed is fixed to the ground
(A very cunning man, not just strength)
19
Q
Agememnon
A
- when he arrived home, he was killed by his wife clytemnestra since she took a lover while he was away
- then his son kills his mother
- son is pursued by furies then
