Flashcards in Week 9 Deck (32):
1
Functions of colonic bacteria
Synthesise vitamins - vitamin K, vitamin B12 and thiamine
Prevent pathogen colonisation
Kill non indigenous bacteria
Stimulate development of MALT
Stimulate production of natural antibiotics
2
Adaptations of bacteria to survive in gut
Protective endospores e.g clostridium tetani
Pilli
Slime biofilm
3
Examples of obligate aerobes
Pseudomonas
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
4
Examples of obligate anaerobes
Bacteroides fragilis
Clostridia spp
5
Examples of facultative anaerobes
Gram negative enteric bacteria
Gram positive skin bacteria
6
What are facultative anaerobes
Prefer oxygen but can live without it
7
What are the anaerobic parts of the GI tract
Deep in taste buds
Biofilm between teeth
Gingival crevice areas
On tongue
Small bowel
Colon
8
Gram positive gut cocci
Staphylococci
Streptococci
Enterococci
9
Gram negative gut cocci
Neisseria meningitis
Neisseria gonorrhoea
10
Gram positive gut bacilli
Clostridia
Corynebacterium
Bacillus
Lactobacillus
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
11
Gram negative enteric bacilli
Bacteroides fragilis (anaerobic)
E Coli
Pseudomonas
Proteus
Klebsiella
Salmonella
Shigella
Vibrio cholerae
Helicobacter pylori
12
Gram negative non enteric bacilli
Haemophilus influenzae
Bordetella pertussis - whooping cough
Brucella - from unpasteurised milk
13
What bacteria are found in the mouth and what can they cause
Anaerobic bacteria
Candida albicans - oral candidiasis
Streptococci mutans - gingivitis
Staph aureus - parotitis
14
What can cause cancrum oris
If Malnourished, Dehydrated, Immunocompromised or Systemically unwell
Mouth bacteria can cause tissue destruction
15
Causative organisms of tonsillitis
70% viral - adenovirus, rhinovirus, EBV
30% bacterial - streptococci pyogenes
16
What is Ludwig's angina
Bacteria from tonsils drain into cervical lymph nodes and infect neck tissue causing laryngeal oedema (medical emergency)
17
What is a quinsy
Peritonsillar abscess between one tonsil and the wall of the throat
Very painful and causes stridor and dysphasia
18
Treatment for quinsy
Let pus out
Need to be careful not to cut internal carotid artery
19
Treatment of oral or oesophageal candidiasis
Amphotericin lozenges
20
Sites of MRSA screening swabs (where staph aureus is)
Nose
Throat
Perineum
21
Examples of throat bacteria and conditions they cause
Strep viridans - infective endocarditis
Strep pyogenes - tonsillitis
Strep pneumoniae - CAP
Staph
Neisseria meningitidis
H influenzae
Lactobacilli
Corynebacterium diphtheria
Candida albicans
22
Examples of colonic bacteria
Bacteroides fragilis/oris/melaninogenicus
E. coli
Enterococcus faecalis
Gram negative enteric bacilli
23
What is a perianal abscess
Infection of anal glands leading to abscess around anus
24
Mortality of faecal peritonitis
50%
25
Risks of gut surgery
High risk of wound infection leading to wound dehiscence
26
How do you reduce risk of surgical wound infection in gut surgery
Antibiotic prophylaxis - metronidazole with gentamicin/cephalosporin
27
Clostridium species and what they cause
Tetani - tetanus
Dificile - pseudomembranous colitis
Perfringens - gas/wet gangrene
28
Clinical features of tetanus
Lock jaw - produces risus sardonicus (sustained facial spasm)
Opisthotonos (backward arching of head, neck and spine)
29
Describe gas/wet gangrene and treatment
Anaerobic digestion of glucose produces ethanol (wet) and CO2 (gas) leading to gas in tissue
Immediate amputation
30
How is the vaginal mucosa kept acidic
Lactobacillus concerts glycogen to lactic acid
31
Bacteria on perineal skin
E. coli
Enterococcus faecalis
Lactobacillus
32