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BIOL 1610 > week four > Flashcards

week four Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

What is the function of proteins?

A

provide structural support and act as catalysts that facilitate chemical reactions

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2
Q

What are the functions of nucleic acids?

A

encode and transmit genetic information

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3
Q

What is the function of carbohydrates?

A

provide a source of energy and make up the cell wall in bacteria, plants, and algae

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4
Q

What is the function of lipids?

A

make up cell membranes, store energy, and act as signaling molecules

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5
Q

What are polymers?

A

complex molecules made up of repeated simpler units connected by covalent bonds

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6
Q

Proteins are polymers of _______

A

amino acids

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7
Q

Nucleic acids are polymers of _______

A

nucleotides

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8
Q

Carbohydrates are polymers of _____

A

simple sugars

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9
Q

What are functional groups?

A

groups of one or more atoms that have particular chemical properties on their own, regardless of what they are attached to

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10
Q

What is the name of this functional group?

A

amino

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11
Q

What are the properties of this functional group?

A

polar
behaves as a base
hydrophilic
+ charged

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12
Q

What is the name of this functional group?

A

amide

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13
Q

What are the properties of amides?

A

polar
hydrophilic

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14
Q

What functional group is this?

A

carboxyl

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15
Q

What is this functional group and what are its properties?

A

carboxyl
polar
- charged
behaves as an acid
hydrophilic

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16
Q

What functional group is this?

A

carbonyl

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17
Q

What are carbon based molecules (C-C) called?

A

organic compounds

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18
Q

Why is carbon so widely used?

A
  • can bond to 4 other atoms
  • branch in up to 4 directions
  • each bond can rotate freely
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19
Q

What is the name of molecules only made up of carbon and hydrogen?

A

hydrocarbons

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20
Q

Polymers are long chains of smaller molecular units called _____

A

monomers

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21
Q

The building bocks of polymers are called _____

A

monomers

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22
Q

Macromolecules are also called _____

A

polymers

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23
Q

Macromolecules are made by a process called _____

A

dehydration synthesis or condensation

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24
Q

Macromolecules are broken down by a
process called _____

A

hydrolysis

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25
Which reaction requires enzymes hydrolysis or dehydration synthesis?
BOTH!
26
Which reaction adds water to break a bond?
hydrolysis
27
How many parts makes up a nucleotide and what are they?
3 parts phosphate sugar nitrogenous base
28
Nucleotides are linked into a polymer via ____
dehydration synthesis
29
What are the main differences of RNA and DNA?
30
What is different about the sugars in DNA and RNA?
31
What is the sugar in RNA?
ribose
32
What is the sugar in DNA?
deoxyribose
33
What are the bases in RNA?
A G C U
34
What are the bases in DNA?
A G C T
35
What are the purine bases?
adenine and guanine
36
What are the pyrimidine bases?
thymine cytosine uracil
37
How many bonds hold guanine and cytosine together?
3 hydrogen bonds
38
How many bonds hold adenine and thymine together?
2 hydrogen bonds
39
You've noticed that when your cat is napping she often curls up and puts her tail over her nose. This morning it was quite warm and you notice she does not have her tail over her nose. You think perhaps she puts her tail on her nose when it's relatively cold in your apartment, to keep her nose warm. Scientifically, your explanation is a good example of a(n)
hypothesis
40
Eukaryotic cells differ from prokaryotic cells in that a eukaryotic cell has….
a membrane-bound nucleus
41
Carbon (C) is above Silicon (Si) in the same column of the periodic table. This means they both have...
similar bonding properties as they have same number of valence electrons
42
When depicting a chemical structure, a solid line between elements denotes a
covalent bond
43
A pair of atoms joined by a polar covalent bond has a _____ charge on one atom and a _______ charge on the other.
has a slight positive charge on one atom and a slight negative charge on the other.
44
What biomolecule... Can form a hydrophobic/water repelling barrier
lipids
45
What biomolecule... is the Primary information storing biomolecule
nucleic acids
46
What biomolecule... is the Most abundant organic biomolecule in an organism
protein
47
What biomolecule... is the Solvent in which nearly all life's chemical reactions occur
water
48
Can water dissolve polar solutes and why?
hydrogen bonding allows water to dissolve polar solutes
49
A solution of pH 2, has ______ [H+] than a solution of pH 5?
1000x more
50
Which number represents the pH of a solution with the highest concentration of hydrogen ions?
pH 1
51
Electronegativity of O is 3.4, C is 2.5, and H is 2.1 Electronegativity difference scale: 0 to 0.5 Non polar covalent; 0.5-1.7 Polar covalent; >1.7 Ionic If this molecule was dissolved in water, which of these atoms could form hydrogen bonds?
D + E
52
Explain the idea of DNA having polarity
DNA strands have directionality with a 5'- phosphate group on one end and a 3' hydroxyl group at the other end.
53
A nucleotide contains...
one or more phosphate groups, a 5 -carbon sugar and a base
54
Which biomolecule is defined by a physical property instead of a chemical structure
lipids
55
What is the function of protiens
provide structure and catalyze chemical reactions
56
What is the function of nucleic acids
encode and transmitt genetic information
57
What is the function of carbohydrates
provide a energy source and cell structure
58
What is the function of lipids
make cell membranes, store energy, act as signaling molecules
59
What unique property of carbon enables this element to be "life's chemical backbone"?
Carbon's bonding behavior as it has four valence electrons
60
An organic molecule must contain which element?
carbon
61
What are the functions of an enzyme?
lower activation energy and increase the rate of the reaction

BIOL 1610 (8 decks)

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