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Health Science 2700 > Week One > Flashcards

Week One Flashcards

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1
Q

What are aspects that make up a good theory?

A

Explains
Predicts
Increases understanding
Is testable

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2
Q

What are charertistics about biology and evolutionary theories and examples

A

They are biologically driven
- Genetics and epigenetics interact with the environment to shape health and wellbeing
- Genotype Vs phenotype
Patterns of inheritance

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3
Q

What is the theory of epigenetics

A

They regulate gene expression there is a 100 year effect what your grandma did effected you

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4
Q

What is the U shaped curve theory

A

Higher and lower birth rates had 3 or more chornic disease

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5
Q

What are psychoanalytic theories

A

Assert developmental change happens because of the influence of internal drives and emotions on behaviour

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6
Q

What is Freud Psychosexual Theory and the three parts of personality

A

That behaviour is deterimend by conscious and unconscious process,
Id prmitive features that are driven by an unconscious need for pleasure present at birth
Ego- around 2 years reality principle reduces the conflic between Id and superego by defense mechansim
Superego- develops around the age of 5, its our internal morals that we learn from our same sex parent that punshies out ego for any wrong through ego

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7
Q

What are the 5 stages that a person has to go through according to Freud

A

Oral(0-2)- Infant achieves gratification through oral activities
(eating, thumb sucking)
Anal (2-3)- The child learns to respond to some demands of society (going to the washroom)
Phallic- realizes the difference between males and females and becomes aware of sexuality
Letency(7-11)- Continues there development but sexual urgers are quiet
Genital(11-Adult)- The growin adolescent shakes off old dependencies and learns to deal maturely with opposite sex

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8
Q

What is fixtation in realtivness with freuds theory

A
  • You have to go through each stage by going through a conflict or you will get stuck in a stage
  • Oral can be smoking or overeating
    Anal- orderliness
    Phallic- vanity
    Latency cant really get stuck in this stage
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9
Q

Is this Freuds theory a “good theory”

A

Not really its not testiable

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10
Q

What is Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory

A

It is development over the lifespan in psychosocial stages.
There are eight crises you must move through and successfully resolve eight dilemmas

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11
Q

What is different about Erikson’s theory to Freuds

A

He took more of a life span approach so it doesn’t just end at age 11 you have to go through one stage to the next and it is testable

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12
Q

What is stage one of Eriksons theory

A

Infancy
Trust vs Mistrust
Feeding/Comfort
Is my world safe
Children develop a sense of trust when caregivers provide reliability care and affection can lead to mistrust

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13
Q

What is stage two of Eriksons theory

A

Early childhood
2-3
Autonomy Vs shame and doubt
Toilet Training/ Dressing
Can I do things by myself or do need I to always rely on others
Children need to develop a sense of personal control over physical skills and a sense of independence
Success leads to feeling autonomy failure resultsts in shame and doubt

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14
Q

What is stage three of Eriksons theory

A

Initiative Vs Guilt
Exploration/ Play
Am I good or bad?
Control and power over the environment,

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15
Q

What is stage 4 of Eriksons theory

A

School Age
Industry Vs Inferiority School/Activities
How can I be good?

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16
Q

What is stage 5 of Eriksons theory

A

Adolescence
12 to 18
Indentity Vs role confusion
Social relationships/ idenity
Who am I and where am I going?

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17
Q

What is stage 6 of Eriksons theory

A

19-40
Young Adult
Intimacy vs isolation
Intimate releationships
Am i loved or wanted?

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18
Q

What is stage 7 of Eriksons theory

A

Middle Adulthood
40-65
Generativity vs stagnation
Work and panterhood
Will I provide something of real value

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19
Q

What is stage 8 of Eriksons theory

A

Maturity
Ego identity vs despair
Reflection of live
Have I lived a full life?

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20
Q

What is Humanistic Alternative

A

Most important internal drive is to achieve ones ful potential self actualization is the ultimate goal in human life

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21
Q

Who created the humanistic alternative pyramid

A

Mazlo

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22
Q

What is the order of the mazlo pyramid

A

Start at the bottom to get to the top
Self actualization
Esteem needs
Belongingness and love needs
Safety needs
Physiological needs

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23
Q

What are learning theories and two examples

A

Focus on how experiences in the environment shape the child
Palvos classical
Skinners operant

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24
Q

What is Plavos theory

A

Classical conditioning
What it is you are exposed too

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25
What is Skinner operant
extinction and shaping Add pleasant stimulus to increase behavior Add aversie stimulus to decrease behavior Remove aversive stimulls to increase behavior Remove pleasent stimulus to decrease behaviour
26
What are the 4 different cognitive theories
Piaget Information processing Vygotsky Bandura
27
What is scheme
Something you already know hot to do brush your teeth
28
What is assimilation
Process of applying schemes to experinces getting ready to go on a run scheme can be used for getting ready to go to soccer
29
What is accommodation
Changing the scheme as a result of new information Learns how to say a word proncuses it incorrecty gets feedback then changes the scheme of how to say that word
30
What is equilibration
Balancing assimilation and accommodation to create schemes that fir the enviornment
31
What are the four stages of Piaget theory
Sensorimotor (0-2)- Coordination of sense with motor responses Preoperational- (2-7)- Symbolic thinking use of proper syntax and grammar to express concepts Concrete Operational (7-11)- Concepts attached to concrete situations time space but not as indpendent concepts Formal Operational (11 years old and older)- Theoretical hypothetical and counterfactual thinking concepts learned in one context can be applied to another
32
What is the information processing theory and what is its flaws
Use the computer as a model of human thinking how info comes in and info out also how you store info, it is hard to test and complex theory that is hard to make simple
33
What is Vygotsky theory
It is a socio-cultural theory that forms of thinking have their origins in social interactions
34
What is scafolding
Guidance from an adult
35
What is proximal development
being ready to learn something
36
What is the Bandura theory
people learn through watching its a bridge between behaviorist and cognitive learning theories hard to test tho
37
What is a systems theory?
Personal and external factors form a dynmaic intergrated system
38
What is the Bronfenbrenner bioecological system theory
development in terms of the relationships between people and their enviornment
39
What are the different aspects of the bronfenbrenners ecological model
Microsystem- activities and interacation in immediate surroundings Meosystem- relationships among the entities involved in the childs microsystem parents interacation with teachers Exosystem- social institutions which affect children indirectily (parents work system) Macrosystem- broader cultural values laws and govermental resources Chronosystem- changes that occur in someones life like a war or a birth of sibling
40
True or false age of conception is getting higher in Canada
True
41
How much has the rate of twins and triplets increased by since 1990s
230%
42
What are different scientific ways to increase AMA
fertility drugs cryopreservation- freezes the embryos created in IVF artificial insemination- injects sperm directly into the woman's uterus
43
What is Antenatal
conception to postpartum
44
What is prenatal
process that transforms a zygote into a newborn
45
How long is the first trimester
zygote implantation to12 weeks
46
How long is the second trimester
12-24 weeks start to feel the fetus moving
47
When is the third trimester
25+ weeks increased emotional attachment to the fetus
48
What is an ectopic pregrency
Where a fertlized egg implants itself outside the womb usally on a flapoian tube
49
Why is malnutrition a first trimester issue in canada
Acess to food and inflammation Dietary restrictions YOU THROW EVERYTHING UP
50
What are some issues in pregeancy
Increased blood presure bleeding premature labour bladder infection (asymptomatic) toxemia (blood posioning by toxins from a local bacteria infection you have to remove the baby)
51
At month 7 what can your baby do
open and close their eyes and wieghs around 4 pounds could survive with special care
52
At month 8 what can your baby do
Bulding up body fat and weighs around 6 pounds
53
At month 9 what can your baby do
weighs 7 pounds and is about 18-20 inches
54
What are the age of viability stats
23- 17% 24-39% 25-50% 26-80% 28-31 90-95% 32-33 95% 34+ almost as likely as a full term 37 weeks is a full term baby
55
What are the three main issues in prenatal development
Genetic disorders Chromosonal errors ( down syndrome) Teratogens- maternal disease from achool or drugs etc
56
What is a low birth rate
5.5 oz
57
What is a very low birth rate
less than 3.9 oz
58
What is a extremely low birth rate
Less than 2.3
59
What is a neutral birth weight
5.8-8.13
60
What are some effects of preterm birth
Cerebral palsy Cognitive impairment visual and hearing impairment poor health and growth behavioral and social emotional problems
61
What are some effects of low birth rate
Mental and motor development but will lessen over time but the growth effects do not
62
What is gastentanional diabetes
Happens only when you are pregnant and will go away after but it can affect your babies health and people think it is not a big issue beacause the cure is "diet and excersie"
63
How many of people do a home birth
9% of first time moms plan a home birth and 21% of second time moms
64
Who does home births apply too
only offerd to women with no risk factors and spontaneous labors women have at least as good if not better outcomes than hospital births
65
Why might there be better outcomes for home births
Stress Enviornment Higher risk of infenction No high risk deliverys Bring all the equimpent a rural hospital would have
66
How many stages of labor
4
67
What is stage one of labor
Muscles of the uterus start to tighten and then relax these are contractions so that baby can pass through
68
What is stage two of labor
The cervix is dilated completely and the baby is born
69
What is stage three of labor
After the baby is born you have contractions until the palcenta is delivered
70
What is stage 4 of labor
first few hours after birth
71
What is fetal distress
sudden change in fetal heart rate
72
What is anoxia
oxygen deprevation can result in death or brain damange
73
How long are women supose to recover by
a month WHICH IS BS

Health Science 2700 (7 decks)

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